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Nervous System Chpt8
Radiology pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The pathologic condition that refers to dilation of the ventricular system and is usually associated w/ increased intracranial pressure is | Hydrocephalus |
| What pathology requires shunt series? | hydrocephalus |
| Which ventricles are affected with hydrocephalus | lateral and third ventricles |
| which images is required for hydrocephalus? What image modality is preferred? | Ap skull, Ap Chest, Ap kub and Lat skull.( CT ) MRI is used too |
| Meningitis is an ____ inflammation of ___ _____& _______ | Acute, pia mater & arachnoid |
| Meningitis is a result from what three types of infections? How can it spread? | Middle ear, upper respiratory infection, frontal sinus. Blood stream |
| What type of procedure is used to determine the cause of meningitis? What does it evaluate? | Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). Evaluates CSF |
| What is the most common type of meningitis? | Bacteria (pyogenic) |
| A viral infection of the brian and meninges is called | encephalitis |
| Many of the viruses are spread by | mosquitos |
| 30% of encephalitis occur in ______. The most common location is __________ ____ | Children. Temporal Lobe |
| The preferred image modality for encephalitis is___. reveals Abnormalities _-_ days ___. | MRI, 3-5 days after |
| Encapsulated accumulation of pus within cranium is associated to what pathology? Osteomyelitis or brain abscess | Brain Abscess |
| Brain abscess results from what 3 chronic infections and 2 systemic infections? | 1. Middle ear, 2. sinus, 3.mastoids 1.pneumonia & 2. osteomyelitis |
| Does gas-forming organism can produce air-fluid level within Brain abscess? True or False | True, streptococci |
| What 3 underlying conditions can Plain skull images indicate for Brian abscess? | sinusitis, mastoiditis, or osteomyelitis |
| What image modality is considered superior for demonstrating brain abscess? | MRI |
| Osteomyelitis of the skull is caused by a | direct extension of an infection of the sinuses, mastoid air cells, or scalp. |
| Osteomyelitis of the skull radiologic changes develop within _ to _ ____ after or before onset of clinical symptoms? | 1 to 2 wks after |
| Appearance of Osteomyelitis of the skull are | multiple, small poorly defined areas of lucency. |
| What are the 5 benign tumors in the nervous system that we discussed? | Meningioma, Acoustic Neuroma, Pituitary Adenoma, Craniopharyngioma and pineal tumors |
| What are the three malignant tumors discussed? | Glioma, Medulloblastoma, and Mets carcinoma |
| What is the most common Malignant brain tumor? | Glioma |
| Glioma consist of _____ cells that still have the ability to_____. | glial cells, multiply |
| Glioma can spread by direct extension and can cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other through connecting white matter tracts? True or False | True |
| What is the peak occurrence age for glioma? | Middle age and older |
| What are two types of Glioma? Give at least one description for each. | 1. glioblastoma - highly malignant lesions 2. Astrocytomas -(70% of all gliomas) Slow growing tumors. Infiltrative character with large cavities. |
| Which is the least frequent type of glioma...Glioblastoma, Astrocytomas or medulloblastoma? | Medulloblastoma |
| Medulloblastoma is slow or rapid growing tumor? | rapid |
| Medulloblastoma spreads throughout | subarachnoid space with mets deposits. |
| What gender is Medulloblastoma more common in? What pathology can it lead to? | Males, hydrocephalus- displacement of the 4th ventricle |
| benign tumor arising from arachnoid lining and attaches to the dura and accounts for 25% of all spinal tumors with possible calcification w/in tumor is A) Meningioma B)Glioma C)Pituitary D) Craniopharyngioma | Meningioma |
| Appearance of meningioma is irregular, not well defined lesions. True or False | False: Round, well defined lesions |
| meningioma can exert pressure on brain eventually leading to death. True or Flase | True |
| Slow growing benign tumor usually originates in the internal auditory canal is known as | Acoustic Neuroma |
| Acoustic neuroma destroys the ________ __________ ______; associated with __________ and _______. | internal auditory metas. deafness and tinnitus |
| Acoustic can lead to hydrocephalus? True or False | True |
| What image modality is preferred for Acoustic Neuroma? | MRI |
| Pituitary Adenoma grows with in ____ _______ arising from _________ lobe of the gland. | sella turcica, anterior |
| Pituitary adenoma ______ the sella turcica and exerts pressure on the ______ _______ which leads to _______ problems. | erodes, optic chiasm, vision |
| Hormone secreting pituitary tumors can cause ________ in children and ________ in adults. What image modality is preferred? | Gigantism in children acromegaly in adults. MRI |
| Benign tumor containing cystic & solid components originating from above the sella turcica, depress the optic chasm and extends up into the 3rd ventricle leading to hydrocephalus? Pituitary Adenoma or Craniophryngioma? | Craniopharyngioma |
| Craniopharyngioma usually occurs at what age? | before the age of 20 |
| What are the most common pineal tumors | Germinoma & teratoma |
| What age and gender group are more predominate to pineal tumors | males less than 25yrs old |
| Large pineal tumors can lead to hydrocephalus? T or F Can they consist of teeth ? | True, yes |
| Metastatic Carcinoma | Most common neoplasm that metastasize to the brain arises from the lungs and breast. |
| metastatic carcinoma can be either _____ or _______ lesions. It reaches the brain through the _______ ______. | single or multiple. blood stream |
| Name four skull fx | Linear, Diastatic, depressed, and Basilar skull FX |
| A skull FX that appears Sharp lucent lines that are irregular or jagged; occasionally branches are....A) depressed Fx, B) Diastatic FX C) Linear FX | Linear FX |
| what are the two locations of linear FX | Vasular groove: vessel laceration and Sinus or mastoid air cells:w/in the air ventricle |
| A linear FX intersecting a suture and runs along suture resulting in sutural separation is....A) Basilar FX B) Linear FX C) Diastatic FX | Diastatic FX |
| What skull FX Often stellate (star shape) with multi FX lines radiating outward from the central point A) Basiliar B) Depressed C) Diastatic D )linear | Depressed FX |
| What view is required to determine amount of depression on a depression FX? | Tangential view |
| A Skull FX that is difficult to evaluate due to complexity of anatomy is | Basilar FX |
| To see air-fluid in the sphenoid sinus you must position the patient for a | erect or x-table lateral projection of the skull |
| What hematoma reflects venous bleeding usually from the rupture veins between the dura and meninges (caused by mild injury, fall) A) Epidural hematoma B)Subdural hematoma C)Subarachnoid hemorrhage D) Intracerebral Hemorrhage | Subdural hematoma |
| What type of hematoma is caused by acute arterial bleeding usually due to a tear in the medial meningeal artery leading to bleeding between the dura mater and bone? A)Intracerebral hematoma B) Epidural Hematoma C) Subarachnoid hemorrhage | epidural hematoma |
| What hematoma is associated with serve trauma? Subdural or epidural hematoma? | epidural hematoma |
| A large hemorrhage with a midline shift and hemorrhage into brain parenchyma that develops immediately after head injury is known as | intracerebral hemorrhage |
| What hematoma/hemorrhage is associated with injury to surface veins or cortical arteries bleeding into ventricles? Subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hematoma? | Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| Cerebral contusion | an injury to the brain tissue caused by movement of the brain within the calvaria after blunt trauma to the skull |
| Coup vs contercoup | Coup: same side countercoup lesion: opposite side of initial impact. ( injury results in the back if impacted in the front of the head) |
| Most common site for cerebral contusion | Frontal and anterior lobe |
| Name 5 facial FX | Nasal bone, blowout, zygomatic, tripod, and mandibular |
| What is the most common facial FX | Nasal |
| Nasal bone FX are mostly A)oblique B) Transverse C) linear | transverse FX |
| Blowout FX | Caused by a direct blow to the front of the orbit. |
| Blowout FX occurs in the | orbital floor just above the maxillary sinus |
| What view best demonstrate presence of air within orbit that indicates communication with paranasal sinus(ethmoid) for the blowout FX | waters |
| A blow to the side of the face is which Facial Fx? A)blowout FX B)zygomatic arch FX C)linear FX D)basiliar FX | zygomatic arch FX |
| Zygomatic arch FX is best demostrated in what view? | underexpose SMV (jug handle view) |
| Facial fx of the zygomatic arch and the orbital floor combined with separation of the zygomaticofrontal suture is known as | tripod fx |
| The most common site of the Manibular FX is the? The most common fx of the mandible are | angle of the mandible bilateral fx |
| The acronym for TIA stands for | Transient Ischemic Attack |
| A) Stroke syndrome or B) TIA is a sudden and dramatic development of neurological deficit depending on which arteries are involved? | Stroke syndrome |
| Acute brain infraction is also known as | Stroke syndrome |
| can you use contrast to indicate acute brain infraction? | NO |
| Stroke syndrome (acute brain infraction) involves circulation of the EXTERNAL carotid arteries and is seen with hemiparies and dysarthria? T or F | False: INTERNAL |
| Temporary episode of neurologic dysfunction which is interrupted of circulation caused by arteriosclerotic plaque? A) Stroke syndrome B) TIA C)Epidural Hematoma | TIA |
| TIA often precedes a stroke and is known as a warning sign? T or False | True |
| What are the 3 symptoms of TIA | faintness, localized paralysis, ans aphasia |
| 80% of patients who have TIA will later suffer from a stroke. T or F | True |
| Sinusitis | Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that leads to obstruction of drainage of the paranasal sinuses. |
| what position and direction of the beam is necessary to demonstrate air fluid levels | Patient must be upright and a horizontal beam |
| what 4 types of tumors pathology can lead to hydrocephalus | Craniopharyngioma, Acoustic Neuroma, medulloblastoma , and Pineal tumors (CAMP) |
Created by:
Lissy6
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