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Art 220 Vocab
Art terms to remember
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Decorative space | Elements appear confined to the flat surface of the picture plane. |
| Plastic space | Forms appear to have volume and rest in a three-dimentional space. |
| Shallow space | Forms appear confined to a limited space, such as a tabletop, a stage, or a room interior. |
| Deep and infinite space | The piccture plane acts like a window into space through which the viewer may see into a great distance, such as in a landscape. |
| 6 spacial indicators | 1) Aerial or atmospheric perspective, 2) size, 3) position, 4) overlapping, 5) converging parallels, 6) linear perspective. |
| Aerial or atmospheric perspective | Edges of shapes in the distance appear softened, and shapes appear lighter in value because of the effects of atmosphere in landscape. |
| Size | Large forms appear nearer and small forms appear farther from the viewer. |
| Position | Forms tend to be read as farther back in space as they appear higher on the picture plane, and closer as they are lower. |
| Overlapping | When one form overlaps another, it appears nearer to the viewer. |
| Converging parallels | Parallel edges appear to converge as they recede into space. |
| Linear perspective | is a system of creating a coherent and mathematical space through the consistent use of vanishing points, and orthogonals. |
| Vanishing point | is the point on the horizon at an infinite distance at which parallel lines tend to converge. |
| Horizon | is the horizontal line or edge where the earth meets the sky. In perspective, it represents the position of the viewer's eye level. |
| Contrast | Contrast is a kind of comparison in which differences become clear. When two contrasting forms are seen together, their differences are emphasized. A form may not look big when seen alone, but may appear gigantic against tiny forms next to it. |
| Contrast of shape | Contrast of shapes can be described in many ways: organic/geometric. curved,angular, planar/linear,mechanical/calligraphic, symmetrical/asymmetrical, simple/complex, abstract/representational,etc. |
| Contrast of color | Color contrasts can relate to hue, light/dark, saturated/neutral, warm/cool, etc. |
| Contrast of texture | Typical textural contrasts are smooth/rough, fine/coarse, even/uneven, matt/glossy, etc. |
| Contrast of direction | Lines or shapes may meet each other at different angles to create directional contrast: horizontal/vertical, etc. |
| Contrast of position | Differences in position are recognized within the frame of the picture plane: high/low, up/down, left/right, central/off-center, etc. |
| Contrast of space | When space is considered as a flat plane, contrasts are perceived as occupied/unoccupied or positive/negative. If space is illusory, forms may appear to advance/recede, to be near/far, flat/ three-dimensional, parallel/not parallel to the picture plane. |
| Contrast of gravity | The two types of gravitational contrasts are stable/unstable and light/heavy. |
| Contrast of structure | the kind of structure created by manipulating contrasts of various elements is completely informal, with strict regularity excluded as far as possible. Forms are placed freely. Balance is maintained by adjusting visual elements as one feels necessary. |
| Value | is the term artists use to describe the amount of light or dark in a color. when a color is made lighter, one says it is higher in value. When it is made darker, we say the value has been lowered. |
| Tone (tone value, tonal value) | is another term used to describe the range of steps from white to black. |
| Value scale | the five steps begin with white & end with black, with a middle gray lying halfway in value between them & contrasting equality with both. A gray 1/2 way between white & middle gray we call light, & a gray 1/2 way between middle gray & black we call dark. |
| Graded (gradate) | Very small steps that appear as a gradual change from light to dark. |
| Gradation | Unit forms are organized to suggest progression and movement in a highly organized manner. |
| Rhythm | Occurs whenever you have a refinement of opposites. |
| Complement | Complement of any hue is its opposite on the color circle or its after image. |
| Design | is a process of purposeful visual creation. It beautifies the outward appearance. Design uses visual language. Deals with visual the grammar of this visual language: the principles, rules and concepts in respect the visual organization. |
| Unit form | is an identical or similar shape that is repeated in a design. A design may contain more than one set of unit forms. A unit form must be simple. |
| Repetition of unit form | Shape, color, texture, direction, position. Repetition is using the same form more than once. Repetition is kept from monotony by variation. |
| Directional variation | repeated, indefinite, alternating, gradation. |
| Space variation | overlapping, penetration, union. |
| Motif | A recurring salient thematic element in a work of art. A single repeated design. |
| Stylized | represent design according to style or stylistic pattern rather than nature. |
| Conventional | artistic presentation that simplifies or provides symbols for natural form. |
| Abstracted | intrinsic nature of the form is presented without pictorial representation |
| Art | is the human ability to skillfully create/make things. |
| Abstract art | not representational. "not realistic" |
| Interrelations of space | Direction, position, space, weight. Shapes occupy space, flat or suggestion of depth. |
| Organic | Bounded by free curves, suggesting growth or forces of nature, "not mathematical". |
| Geometric | Constructed mathematically |
| Formal structure | definitive grid, rigid mathematical formal line matter. |
| Informal structure | Free and definite structure with no formal line. |
| Simplified | Remove anything not essential. |
| Similarity: association, imperfection, distortion, union, Subtract, compression, tension. | Forms can resemble each other but not be identical, if they are not identical they are not absolutely in repetition: they are in similarity. Similarity does not have strict regularity but maintains the feeling of regularity. |
| Frame | The boundaries within which the design is created. The outside edges or the page or picture. |
| Picture plane | The actual plane or surface of the paper(or other material.) |
| Format | The size and shape of the 2-D design. |
| Form | The shape of an image defined by artistic work. The shape of objects or areas within objects. |
| Positive and Negative form. | Positive form appears to take up space. Negative form is perceived as blank space around the positive form. |
| Visual elements | SHAPE; main identification in our perception. SIZE; relative bigness or smallness. COLOR; a shape may be distinguished from its surroundings by color, including black and white. TEXTURE; surface characteristics perceived by the eye or touch. |
| Direction of shape | The direction of a shape depends on how it is related to the observer, to the frame , or to the shapes nearby. |
| Position of shape | The position of a shape is judged in its relation to the picture plane. |
| Space of shapes | Shapes occupy space, flat or suggestion of depth. |
| Weight (gravity) | Heavy or light. |
Created by:
Saph
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