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UP10 Chapter 14

Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

QuestionAnswer
stress a person's response to events that are threatening or challenging
cataclysmic events strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once
personal stressors major life events, such as the death of a family member, that have immediate negative consequences that generally fade with time
posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) a phenomenon in which victims of major catastrophes or strong personal stressors feel long-lasting effects that may include re-experiencing the event in vivid flashbacks or dreams
background stressors ("daily hassles") everyday annoyances, such as being stuck in traffic, that cause minor irritations and may have long-term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events
psychophysiological disorders medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties.
health psychology the branch of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems
psychoneuroimmunology (pni) the study of the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain
stressors circumstances and events that produce threats to our well-being
general adaption syndrome (gas) a theory developed by selye that suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion
coping the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
emotion-focused coping manage emotions in face of stress by seeking to change the way they feel about or perceive the problem
problem-focused coping attempts to modify the stressful problem or source of stress
avoidant coping using wishful thinking to reduce stress or using more direct escape routes
defense mechanisms unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others
repression unacceptable or unpleasant impulses are pushed back into the unconscious
projection people attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else
denial people refuse to accept or acknowledge an anxiety-producing piece of information
rationalization people provide self-justifying explanations in place of the actual, but threatening, reason for their behavior
learned helplessness a state in which people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled
hardiness a personality characteristic that is associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness and consists of three components: commitment, challenge, and control
resilience the ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive after profound adversity
social support a mutual network of caring, interested others
turning a threat into a challenge treat the situation as a challenge and focus on ways to control it
make a threatening situation less threatening change your approach to the situation and modify your attitude towards it
change your goals adopt new goals that are partial in view of the particular situation
take physical action changing your physiological reaction to stress
prepare for stress before it happens anticipate and prepare for stress
type a behavior patterns a cluster of behaviors involving hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven
type b behavior patterns a cluster of behaviors characterized by a patient, cooperative, noncompetitive, and nonaggressive manner
happy people high self esteem, a firm sense of control, optimistic, similar activities, and social
Created by: lizhopper2
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