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Skeletal
Pathology 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What form of spina bifida results in the protrusion of spinal cord and roots into a sac-like protrusion outside the skin? | Myelomeningocele |
| What are the treatment options for Paget's disease? | -Calcium therapy to decrease bone reabsorption -Braces for deformities -Radiation therapy if in 4th stage of progression -Anti-inflammatory drugs |
| What is the treatment for legg-perthes disease? | somewhat reversible with non-weight bearing treatment |
| What is the method used to evaluate the degree of curvature of a scoliotic spine? | Cobb Method |
| What are the 4 anatomical areas where legg-perthes disease is assessed? | -femoral head -epiphyseal area -femoral neck -greater trochanter |
| What is the radiographic appearance of the femoral neck in a legg-perthes patient? | -widened and decreased length |
| How many blood supplies does the mature femoral head have? | 3 |
| during what age range does the femoral head only have one blood supply? | 5-7 * The importance of this fact is that only 1 of the femoral head’s 3 blood supplies is developed fully by this age range, if it is obstructed from forming properly, avascular necrosis will occur (legg-perthes). |
| What occurs in the revascularization stage of legg-perthes disease? | -return of blood supply -flattened small epiphysis -wide short femoral neck |
| Benign fluid-containing lesion which can affect all the skeleton bones | Bone cyst |
| Aggressive malignant neoplasm raising the periosteum from the cortex and laying down spicules of new bone | Osteosarcoma |
| Diseased plasma cells invade the marrow and replace the red blood cells | Multiple myeloma |
| When primary cancer cells break off and travel via the lymphatic or circulatory system to another body area | Secondary tumors |
| Joint laxity at the hip developing due to a child's position in the womb | Congenital hip dysplasia |
| A metabolic disease where Normal bone is absorbed and replaced by lucent patchy bone | Paget's disease |
| Congenital disorder in which a portion of the spinal canal contents protrude due developmental failure of the neural arch to close | Spina Bifida |
| Lateral deviation of the spine resulting in abnormal spinal curvature | Scoliosis |
| Herniation of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal or degeneration of the disc due to the aging process | Intervertebral disc disease |
| Fragmentation of subchondral bone due to avascular necrosis, resulting in free moving fragments within the joint space | Osteochondritis dissecans |
| Genetic disorder resulting in the epiphyseal plates fusing prematurely in the skull and long bones | Achondroplasia |
| Over-secretion of what hormone results in acromegaly? | Human growth hormone (HGH) |
| When would we use the term "Gigantism" instead of "Acromegaly"? | HGH over-production in children (before enchondral bone growth ceases) |
| What does the term "prognathism" refer to? | When the mandible lengthens & mandibular angle increases (sign of acromegaly) |
| "Zebra stripes" are a radiographic sign of which pathology? | Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| What learned pathology may lead to errant suspicion of child abuse? | Osteogenesis imperfecta (Multiple healing fractures ) |
| Insufficient consumption or absorption of vitamin D can cause rickets. What condition can also cause rickets? | Kidney disorders |
| A radiographic appearance of cupping and fraying of the ends of bones is indicative of what learned pathology? | Rickets |
| What defines osteomalacia from osteoporosis radiographically? | Osteomalacia demonstrates 'fuzzy' cortices, intracortical lines & 'looser zones' whereas osteoporosis doesn't |
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CNC MRAD
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