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Respiratory Drugs

Ch 37

QuestionAnswer
What is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema? Cigarette smoke
What is bronchial asthma? recurrent reversible shortness of breath and occurs when the airways fo the lung become narrow as a result of bronchospasm, inflammation and edema of the bronchial mucosa and the production of sticky mucous
What is chronic bronchitis? continuous inflammation of the bronchi. Responsible for most of the airflow obstruction, and involves the excessive secretion of mucous.
What do bronchodilators do? relax bronchial smooth muscle bands to dilate the bronchi and bronchioles that are narrowed as a result of the disease process.
What are the three classes of bronchodilators? beta agonists, anticholinergics, and xanthine derivatives.
When is a beta agonist used as a bronchodilator? during an acute phase of an asthmatic attack.
What are the contraindications of beta agonsits? drug allergy, uncontrolled cardiac dysrthythmias and high risk of stroke
What are some examples of beta agonists? albuterol (proventil), almeterol (serevent)
What are the two drugs used for COPD that are anticholinergics? ipratropium and tiotropium
How do the anticholinergics work for COPD? block the ACh receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction and therefor cause airway dilation.
When do you use anticholinergics for COPD? They are used for the prevention of bronchospams associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (not for acute symptoms)
When shouldn't you take anticholinergics for COPD? drug allergy, and food allergy to peanut oils, peanuts, soybeans, and other beans.
What are some adverse rxns of anticholinergic drugs? dry mouth or throat, nasal congestion, heart palpitations, GI distress, urinary retention, ^IOP, h/a, coughing, anxiety.
How do xanthine derivatives work? they cause bronchodilation by increasing cAMP
What is the drug that is in the xanthine derivative class? theophylline (elixophyllin)
What are xanthines used for? dilate the aireays in patients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Usually for prevention of asthma attacks.
what are the adverse effects of xanthine derivatives? N&V, anorexia, GERD, Sinus tach, extrasystole, palpitations, ventricular dysrhythmias, ^ urination and hyperglycemia
What do xanthine derivatives interact with? A LOT of drugs.including caffeine, nicotine, and antibiotics (among others) high brotein, charcoal broiled, and low carb foods also interact with it.
What are some other drugs that are effective in suppressing various underlying causes of respiratory illnesses? leukotriene receptor agonists and corticosteroids
What do leukotrine receptor antagonists do? LTRA's prevent leukotrienes (a molecule produced in response to an allergen) from attaching to receptors on circulating immune cells as well as local immune cells within the lungs, which alleviates asthma symptoms in the lungs by reducing inflammation.
What drug is in the first subclass of LTRA's? What does it do? zileuton (zyflo). it acts by an indirect mechanism and inhibits an enzyme which is necessary for leukotriene synthesis
What drugs are in the second subclass and how do they work? montelukast (singulair) and zafirlukast (accolate). They act dirctly by binding to the d4 leukotriene receptr subtype in respiratory tract tissues and organs
When are LTRA's indicated? prophylazis and long-term treatment of asthma in adults and children 12 and older.
LTRA's adverse effects? liver dysfunction.
When are corticosteroids used? In an asthma attack to reduce inflammation in the lungs.
What are the adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids? irritation, coughing, dry mouth, oral fungal infection.
How long is recovery time after systemic corticosteroid use? 1 year of recovery time
What is the main drug interaction for inhaled corticosteroids? systemic corticosteroid use.
What is the drug in the class of inhaled corticosteroids? fluticasone propionate and methylprednisolone.
Created by: rachelrobb92
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