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Common cold drugs

Chapter 36

QuestionAnswer
What does empiric therapy mean? a treatment that can only be based on what is believe to be the most likely cause, given the presenting clinical symptoms
What is the treatment for a URI? Combined use of antihistamines, nasal decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants.
How do antihistamines work? They directly compete with histamine for specific receptor sites (they are called histamine agonists) they do not push off histamine that is already bound to a cell surface receptor, but compete with histamine for unoccupied receptors.
What are the two types of antihistamines? H2 blockers and H1 blockers (antihistamines)
What are some examples of H1 antagonists? diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, fexofenadine, loratadine, cetirizine.
What are antihistamines (h1 blockers) indicated for? allergies, common cold symptom relief, allergic reactions, motion sickness, parkinson's, vertigo.
When are they contraindicated? narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac disease, kidney disease, hypertension, bronchial asthma, COPD, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, BPH, and pregnancy.
Adverse effects of antihistamines? drowsiness is #1, dry mouth, changes in vision, difficulty urinating, and constipation
What medications cause increase in antihistamine (or increase effects of)? antibiotics, alcohol, MAOI's CNS depressants, apple, grapefruit and organge juice, and St. John's wort.
what are some nonsedating antihistamines? loratadine (claritin), cetirizine, fexofenadine
What are some commonly used antihistamines? diphenhydramine (benadryl), brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine, promethazine.
What are the three types of nasal decongestants? adrenergics, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids
what are nasal decongestants most commonly used for? Their ability to shrink engorged nasal mucous membranes and relieve nasal stuffiness.
What are nasal decongestants contraindicated with? narrow-angle glaucoma, uncontrolled cardivascular disease, HTN, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, prostatitis, history of CVA or TIA's, cerebral arteriosclerosis, long-standing asthma, BPH.
What are some adverse effects of nasal decongestants? nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, and tremor. Mucosal irritation, and dryness. HTN, H/A, dizziness.
What drugs do nasal decongestants interact with? `MAOI's, methyldopa, and urinary acidifiers and alkalinizers.
What is an example of a nasal decongestant? naphazoline (privine)
What are the two main categories of antitussive drugs? opioid and nonopioid.
What two drugs are opioids and used for their antitussive effects? codeine and hydrocodone.
Which is more effective for antitussive effects opioid or nonopiod? opioid.
What are the two nonopioid drugs used as an antitussive? dextromethorphan, and benzonatate.
How do antitussive drugs work? opiods suppress the reflex directly in the medulla, nonopioid give analgesia & have a drying effect on mucosa of the RT & increases viscosity of respiratory secretions. Benzonatate anesthetizes the stretch receptors in the RT. prevents reflex stimulation.
When are atitussives indicated? to stop the cough reflex when cough is nonproductive and harmful.
What do expectorants do? aid in the expectoration of excessive mucus that has accumulated in the respiratory tract by breaking down and thinning out the secretions.
What are expectorants indicated for? relief of a productive cough.
what are the adverse effects of expectorants? N&V, and gastric irritation
What is the name of the only expectorant? guaifenesin (mucinex)
Created by: rachelrobb92
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