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Antidiabetics
Ch32
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 types of insulin? | Rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, Long acting |
| How many minutes before a meal should you take Humalog or Novolog? | 15-20 minutes before a meal |
| How long before a meal should you take Humalin? | 30-60 minutes before a meal |
| What makes up a fixed combination insulin concoction? | Intermediate and short acting insulin. |
| What is the only drug classified as a Biguanide? | Metformin |
| What is the first line drug for the oral treatment of Type 2 Diabetes? | Metformin |
| What does metformin do? | Decreases glucose production by the liver, and does NOT stimulate insulin secretion. |
| What diseases is metformin contraindicated in? | renal disease or dysfunction, and pernicious anemia |
| What are some adverse effects of Metformin? | abdominal bloating, nausea, cramping, a feeling of fullness, and diarrhea. Also uncommonly, metallic tast, and reduced vit B12 levels after long-term use. |
| Which is the oldest group of oral antidiabetic agents? | sulfonylureas |
| What do sulfonylureas do? | Bind to specific receptors on beta cells in the pancreas and stimulate insulin release. *Pt. must have functioning beta-cells in the pancreas* |
| Adverse Effects of Sulfonylureas? | Weight gain, because of the insulin secretion, skin rash, nausea, epigastric fullness, and heartburn. |
| What two drugs represent the Glinide class? | Repaglinide (Prandin), and nateglinide (Starlix). |
| What do Glinides do? | increase insulin secretion from the pancreas. |
| What two new drugs represent the thiazolidinedione class? | pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) |
| How do thiazolidinediones work? | they decrease insulin resistance by enhancing the sensitivity of insulin receptors. They directly stimulate peripheral glucose uptake and storage as well as to inhibit glucose and triglyceride production in the liver |
| What should a nurse look out for when using thiazolidinediones? | weight gain, also liver enzymes |
| What are the two drugs that represent the alpha glucosidase inhibitor class? | acarbose (precose) and miglitol (glyset) |
| When should alpha glucosidase inhibitors be taken? | with a meal because a glucose elevation or "spike" can be prevented. |
| What are some adverse effects of alpha glucosidase inhibitors? | elevated hepatic enzymes. they do NOT cause hypoglycemia or weight gain. |
| what is an example of a sulfonylurea? | glipizide (glucotrol) |
| What is Amylin? | a natural hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas along with insulin in response to food. |
| How do amylin mimetics function? | 1. Slows gastric emptying 2. It suppresses glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose production 3. Increases satiety |
| What is amylin mimetics used for? | Patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes receiving mealtime insulin who have failed to achieve optimal glucose control with insulin. |
| What do incretin mimetics do? | 1. Stimulate insulin secretion 2. Reduce postprandial glucagon production 3. Slow gastric emptying 4. Increase satiety. |
| What is incretin mimetics indicated for? | type 2 diabetics who have been unable to achieve blood glucose control with metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or a glitazone. |
| What is an example of a incretin mimetic? | sitagliptin (januvia) |
| What is given when a quick response to severe hypoglycemia is needed? | glucagon (a natural hormone secreted by the pancreas) |
| With a patietn taking insulin what should you do before giving the drug? | check serum glucose levels and document them. |
Created by:
rachelrobb92
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