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Inflammation+Immune
Inflamation and the Immune System- Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Innate Immune System | 1st line of defense (physical, biochemical, cellular compponets, release of histamine, phagocytosis of bacteria |
| adaptive immune system | specific response, antibodies, cytotoxic t cells |
| lymphoid stem cell | gives rise to B and T cells |
| myeloid stem cell | gives rise to neutrophils, eosinophils, etc |
| neutrophil | phagocytic cells which destroy bacteria |
| eosinophil | defense against parasitic infections |
| basophil | circulating cells similar to mast cells, bind IgE antibody and release histamine (allergic response) |
| mast cell | tissue-resident cells similar to basophils, bind IgE antibody and release histamine (allergic response) |
| antigen presenting cells | process protiens of invading agent and display on cell surface so that antibodies and cytotoxic t cells can recognize and destroy |
| macrophages | tissue resident process and present antigenic fragments to T cells |
| dendritic cells | found in lymphoid tissue, initiate adaptive response |
| Major histocompatibility complex (MCH) | way for cells to present protien fragments |
| MHC class 1 | display cytosolic protiens |
| MCH class 2 | display protein fragments from endocytic vesicles |
| Humoral immunity | part of adaptive immunity, B-cells make antibodies and antibodies go to extracellular infectious agents (bacteria) |
| B cells | antigen presenting cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies |
| cellular immunity | part of adaptive immunity, involves t cells |
| perforins | pore-forming proteins- a protein that T cells use to destroy infected cells |
| granzymes | protease which induces apoptosis in viral infected cells |
| fasligand | transmembrane protien from tumor necrosis factor family, binding induces apoptosis |
| tolerance | carefully regulated process to make sure cells of the immune system do not recognize self |
| costimulation | multiple signals necessary to initiate an immune response, provides a way the immune system can limit response |
| histamines | synthesized, stored and released from mast cells and basophils, dilate arterioles and postcapillary venules, constrict viens, contract endothelial cells |
| eicosanoids | prostaglandins and leukotrienes, some pro-inflammatory while others limit the reaction |
| cytokines | protiens that act to enhance the immune system |
| interleukins | cytokine- important for acute inflammation (IL-1, TNF) |
| chemkines | cytokine- help recruit cells to injured area |
| chemotaxis | recruitment of immune system cells |
| phagocytosis | leukocytes are activated then ingest forgiwn substance coated with opsonins- binding enhancers |
| resolution | healing and scar formation through angiogenesis and granulation tissue |
| Type 1 immune response | immediate hypersensitivity (sec-min), mediated by IgEm anaphylaxis, asthma, hay fever, urticaria (hives) |
| Type 2 immune response | (hr-days) formation of antigen antibody complex, mediated by IgG or Ig immunoglobins |
| Type 3 immune response | (hr-days)presence of eleevated levels of antigen-antibody complexes deposited on basement membrane in tissues and vessels, IgG, IgM, recruit neutrophils, skin rases, glomerulonephritis, arthritis, lupus |
| Type 4 immune response | delayed 2-3 days after exposure, cell mediated instead of antibody mediated, T cells, contact dermatitis, diabetes |
Created by:
Kachmiel
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