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XR102
XR 102 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which portion of the image receptor system functions to reduce the amount of exposure to produce an image? | THE INTENSIFYING SCREEN |
| The inside, smooth surface of a cassette that contains flourescent phosphor is called? | THE INTENSIFYING SCREEN |
| The purpose of the intensifying screen is? | TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE REQUIRED TO PRODUCE AN IMAGE |
| Which part of an intensifying screen absorbs x-ray energy and emits this energy in the form of light? | PHOSPHOR LAYER |
| What is the purpose of the lead foil layer in the back of the cassette? | TO PREVENT BACKSCATTER FROM FOGGING THE IMAGE |
| What term is applied to radiation that comes from the cassette back and the cassette tray and is directed toward the film? | BACKSCATTER |
| Which part of the intensifying screen functions to increase screen efficiency? | REFLECTIVE LAYER |
| The color of light emitted by a screen phosphor is called? | SPECTRAL EMISSION |
| What are the commonly used phosphors for intensifying screens? | SALTS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS |
| Screen speed is defined as? | THE EFFICIENCY OF A SCREEN IN CONVERTING X-RAY TO LIGHT |
| What is meant by the term spectral emission? | THE COLOR OF LIGHT EMITTED BY THE PHOSPHOR OF THE X-RAY SCREEN |
| Which of the following is an important rule to remember when cleaning the intensifying screen? | NEVER POUR LIQUID CLEANER ONTO THE SCREEN |
| Which type of screen is better suited for a radiograph of a child's wrist? RS 50, RS 200, RS 400, RS 600 | RS 50 |
| What material is used to make radiographic film base? | POLYESTER PLASTIC |
| What is the purpose of the tint that is added to the radiographic film based? | REDUCE EYE STRAIN FOR THE PHYSICIAN |
| What are the components of film emulsion? | GELATIN AND SILVER HALIDE CRYSTALS |
| What is the purpose of a wire mesh tool? | TEST FOR FILM SCREEN CONTACT |
| Which tool do we use to test film screen contact? | THE WIRE MESH TOOL |
| How often should a film screen contact test be performed? | SEMI-ANNUALLY |
| The spectral sensitivity of the film must be matched to what? | THE COLOR OF LIGHT EMITTED BY THE SCREENS |
| What is the proper method to store unopened boxes of film? | STACK ON EDGE WITH THE DATE FACING OUT |
| What are the optimum storage conditions for unused x-ray film? | A COOL DRY PLACE PROTECTED FROM X-RAYS AND CHEMICAL FUMES |
| Which term is defined as a numerical representation of the film's ability to transmit light? | OPTICAL DENSITY (OD) |
| What film characteristic can be determined by the slope of the sensitometric curve? | SPEED |
| A film with a steep, vertical curve indicates what? | A VERY FAST FILM |
| The purpose of a photostimulable phosphor plate is? | TO STORE THE IMAGE OF THE BODY PART UNTIL PROCESSED |
| When using the DR system, indirect conversion of x-ray energy requires how many steps? | TWO |
| The system used to view and stored digital x-ray images is called? | PACS. (PICTURE ARCHIVAL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS) |
| The first digital imaging in radiography was done with the introduction of what? | THE CT SCANNER |
| When a CR plate is inserted into the reader for processing, the phosphor is scanned with what? | A LASER LIGHT |
| How many times can the phosphor in a CR image plate be used? | TEN THOUSAND |
| True of false? The advantages of using CR and DR include; low dose to patient, wide range of dynamic image, and the ability to see the image quickly. | TRUE |
| When splitting a CR cassette in half for two exposures, the half not being exposed should be covered with what? | LEAD |
| When centering a body part for exposure, how should you position the body part? | THE PART MUST BE PLACED ON THE CENTER OF THE PLATE OR IMAGE DETECTOR |
| What is an important factor to use when using digital systems for mobile radiography? | A GRID |
| What is the purpose of a safelight filter? | THE SAFELIGHT FILTER ONLY PERMITS THE PASSAGE OF LIGHT FREQUENCIES TO WHICH THE X-RAY FILM IS THE LEAST SENSITIVE |
| Which type of safelight filter should be used in the imaging department using green sensitive film? | GBX FILTER |
| True or false? The following are possible causes of dark room fog on a radiograph; light colored walls, white light leaks, excessive developer time. | TRUE |
| What is the optimum developer time and temperature for a MANUAL PROCESSOR? | FIVE MINUTES AT 68 DEGREES FARENHEIT |
| What is the approximate time for an automatic processor? | 90 SECONDS |
| What is the correct sequence of steps in an automatic processor? | DEVELOPER, FIXER, WASH, DRY |
| The temperature for film developing in an automatic processing system is what? | 95 DEGREES FARENHEIT |
| What are the two specified instruments required for monitoring processor performance? | DENSITOMETER AND SENSITOMETER |
| Marks, exposures, or images on a radiograph that are not a part of the intended images are called; | ARTIFACTS |
| What increases the likelihood of static artifacts? | NOT ENOUGH HUMIDITY IN THE AIR |
| How often should sensitometry processor evaluation occurs? | QUARTERLY |
| A dark room safelight should be mounted so that it is no closer than how many feet from the feed tray of the processor and the countertop? | 4 FEET |
| name the steps of the daily start up routine for an automatic processor | close wash tank drain, turn on water supply, close processor cover, allow processor to warm up, wipe down loading bench, check solution levels, run 4 clean up films, expose and process sensitometric films evaluate test and troubleshoot |
| how many 14x17" clean-up films should be run through the automatic processor before any films are processed for the day? | 4 |
| a substance easily penetrated by the xray beam is said to be | radioluscent |
| radiation from the cassette back and the cassette tray that is scattered back toward the film is called | back scatter |
| fluorescent crystals that are found in the intensifying screens | phosphors |
| the term used to describe the effect of phosphors giving off light when they are exposed to xrays | fluorescence |
| the efficiency of a screen in converting xrays to light | screen speed |
| phosphors containing one of the following elements gadolinium, lanthanum or yttrium | rare earth phosphors |
| this term refers to the color of light emitted by a phosphor | spectral emission |
| any unwanted marks on an xray are called | artifacts |
| a condition that exists when 2 screens are not in firm contact with both sides of the film | poor film screen contact |
| a wire mesh test is performed how frequently? | semi-annually |
| film emulsion consists of a mixture of gelatin and what other substance? | silver halide crystals |
| a term used to desribe radiographic film along with contrast | latitude |
| the characteristics of film response are plotted on a graph called a | sensitometric curve |
| the numerical representation of the film's ability to transmit light | optical density |
| the portion of the sensitometric curve that indicates the speed of the film | the straight line portion |
| the portion of the sensitometric film that represents the maximum density | D-max |
| special lights fitted with filters that are used specifically in dark rooms | safelights |
| the safelight is not safe under all conditions, it must be no closer than | 3-4' from the feed tray |
| the maximum wattage of safelight bulbs is | 7-15 watts |
| which type of filters should be used in the darkroom? | GBX filters |
| 90 second processing is made possible by | increasing the strength and temperature of the solutions in the processor |
| what is the first tank in an automatic processor? | developer |
| what is the second tank in an automatic processor? | fixer |
| what is the third tank in an automatic processor? | wash |
| the air in the dryer portion of the automatic processor is heated to approximately | 110 degrees |
| what is the temperature of the developer in an automatic processor? | 95 degrees |
| the device used to measure the transmission of light through a tiny are of film is a | densitometer |
| the device used to print a standard gray scale on a film is called | sensitometer |
| artifacts that occur repeatedly at right angles to the direction of the film travel in an automatic film processor are called | pi lines |
| what color light do rare earth phospohors emit? | green, green yellow blue, blue-violet |
| which phosphor was used previously, but is now obsolete? | calcium tungstate |
| rare earth intensifying screens are about how many times more efficient than calcium tungstate intensifying screens? | 4 time more efficient |
| what is the term we use to describe the efficiency of a screen in converting xrays to light? | screen speed |
| a screen with a greater efficiency requires less exposure, so the screen is said to be _____? | faster |
| screens with RS (relative speed) 200-600 are used for what type of radiography? | routine or general radiography |
| fine phosphors in a thin layer provide (lesser or greater)_______ radiographic detail, and require (more or less) ______ exposure? | fine phosphors produce GREATER recorded detail, and require MORE exposure |
| screens with the RS (relative speed)of 50-100 are (slower or faster)_____ than regular screens, and provide (high or low)_____ detail images for small anatomical parts | screens with a RS of 50-100 are SLOWER and provide HIGH detail images |
| what is the term used to describe the fact that the xray film has emulsion on both sides of it? | duplitized |
| what is the term used to describe the radiographic film along with contrast? | latitude |
| True or False: latitude and contrast and inversely related | TRUE |
| when we are referring to the sensotometric or H&D curve, what does the toe of the curve represent? | base + fog |
| when we are referring to the sensotometric or H&D curve, what does the shoulder of the curve represent? | D-max |
| when we are referring to the sensotometric or H&D curve, what does the body of the curve represent? | Density |
| what does the D-max portion of the H&D curve represent? | the films maximum density |
| what does the base + fog portion of the H&D curve represent? | the amount of light absorbed by the film plus any fog exposure to the film BEFORE processing |
| what does the straight-line portion of the H&D curve represent? | film speed |
| The closer the straight line portion of the H&D curve graph is to the left, the (slower or faster) the film is? | FASTER |
| when considering the inside of the darkroom, what color should the walls be? Light or dark colored paint? | light colored to reflect the light from the safe light throughout the room increasing visibility in the dark |
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