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Psychology ch. 7
Psychology exam ch. 5,6,7,8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability to store and use information | Memory |
| What are the three types of memory? | Sensory, short-term, and long-term |
| Type of memory that holds information in its original sensory form for a brief period of time | Sensory Memory |
| Brief visual record | Iconic Memory |
| Short-term retention of sounds | Echoic memory |
| Also known as working memory, happens if we take in sensory memory and attend to it | Short-term memory |
| Breaking down a list of items into smaller sets | Chunking |
| Component of short-term memory that decides where to focus attention and takes in info | Central Executive |
| Component of short-term memory that stores sound info | Phonological loop |
| Component of short-term memory that stores visual info | Visuospatial sketch pad |
| Component of short-term memory that stores specific events or experience | Episodic Buffer |
| Pay attention to info | Attending |
| Store info | Storing |
| Repeatedly practice or recite info | Rehearsing |
| Effect when you remember items at beginning of list | Primacy effect |
| Effect when you remember items at end of list | Recency effect |
| Part of memory that has the capacity to store a vast amount of info for as little as 30 seconds to a lifetime | Long-term memory |
| Non-declarative memory, knowledge based on previous experience, such as skills that we perform automatically once we have mastered them; "knowing how" (walking, tying shoes, reading) | Implicit Memory |
| Declarative memory, knowledge that consists of facts, experiences and events; "knowing that" | Explicit Memory |
| Made up of implicit memory; knowledge for learned behavior or skill | Procedural memory |
| Made up of implicit memory; occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to similar stimuli | Priming |
| Form of memory that recalls facts and general knowledge | Semantic Memory |
| Memory for personal experiences and events | Episodic Memory |
| Memory for things in the past | Retrospective Memory |
| Memory for things in the future | Prospective Memory |
| Stage in long-term memory in which the brain attends to, receives, and processes new information | Encoding |
| Encoding of information that occurs with little effort or conscious attention to the task | Automatic Processing |
| Encoding of information that occurs with careful attention and conscious effort | Effortful processing |
| A method devised to help remember information, such as a rhyme or acronym | Mnemonic Device |
| Stage in short-term memory in which the brain establishes and solidifies memory | Consolidation |
| the retention of memory over time, third stage of long-term memory | Storage |
| A way of organizing related pieces of information from the most specific feature they have in common to the most general | Hierarchies |
| Mental frameworks that develop from our experiences with particular objects or events | Schemas |
| A chain of associations between related concepts | Associative Network |
| Fourth stage of Long-term memory; recovery of information stored in memory | Retrieval |
| Part of brain where vision occurs | Occipital lobes |
| Part of brain where hearing occurs | Temporal lobes |
| Part of brain where touch occurs | Parietal lobes |
| Part of brain in which plays an important role in attention | Prefrontal Cortex |
| Part of brain that converts short-term memory to long-term memory | Hippocampus |
| Happens when other info interferes with information we are trying to recall | Interference |
| New information increases forgetting of old info | Retroactive Interference |
| Old information increases forgetting of new information | Proactive interference |
| The weakening/loss of memories over time | Forgetting |
| Lack of repetition leads to memory getting weaker | Decay |
| form of forgetfulness caused by divided attention | Absent-mindedness |
| The inability to retrieve some information once it is stored | Blocking |
| The unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness | Repression |
| A memory from a real event that was encoded, stored, but not retrieved for a long period of time until a later event brings it to consciousness | Recovered memory |
| The belief that memory came from one source when it really came from another | Misattribution |
| When we selectively recall past events to fit our current beliefs | Consistency bias |
| The repeated recall of pleasant or unpleasant experiences | Persistence |
| Distorted memory based on leading questions or comments | Suggestibility |
| Memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by some one or something | False memories |
| Neurodegenerative brain disease, hallmark symptom is memory loss | Alzheimer's disease |
| Memory loss due to brain injury or disease | Amnesia |
| Can't remember events or experiences that happened AFTER the injury/disease | Anterograde |
| Can't remember events or experiences that happened BEFORE the injury/disease | Retrograde |
Created by:
shanncruz
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