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science 8888
chapter 3 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___________ is the ability to cause a change. | energy |
| energy __________ include fuels, foods, wind, and coal. | sources |
| the energy an object has because it is in motion is called ________. | kinetic energy |
| the amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on the ___________ of the object. | mass |
| the more mass a moving object has, the _________ kinetic energy it has | more |
| when electrons move, they have ___________ and create an electric___________. | kinetic energy, current |
| stored energy, which depends on interactions among objects, particles, or atoms, is called __________ | potential energy |
| a type of potential energy stored in an object due to its height above Earth's surface is called _________ | gravitational potential energy |
| atoms are joined by chemical ________; energy the this stored in and released from the bonds between atoms is called _______ | bonds, chemical energy |
| burning fossil fuels ______ the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. | breaks |
| when the chemical _________ break, some of the chemical energy in the burning fossil fuel is converted into _________ thermal energy. | bonds, thermal |
| in the Sun, the nuclei of atoms join in a process called _____________ which releases large amounts of __________. | nuclear fusion, energy |
| a nuclear energy plants, the nuclei of certain atoms, such as uranium, are broken apart in a process called ___________ which ___________ large amounts of energy. | nuclear fission, produces |
| the energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom is know as __________. | nuclear energy |
| the process of nuclear _________ produces energy as well as ________ waste | fission, radioactive |
| __________ is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy in a system of objects. | mechanical energy |
| the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up an object is ____________. | thermal energy |
| particles in Earth's interior contain great amounts of thermal energy, which is called ____________ energy; in geothermal energy plants, geothermal energy plants, geothermal energy can be converted into ___________ energy. | geothermal, electric |
| ___________ are disturbances that carry energy, but not _________ matter, from one place to another. | waves, matter |
| __________ waves move through matter; the energy that sound waves carry is called _________ energy. | sound, sound |
| the energy transferred by waves moving through the ground is called ___________ energy; this kind of kinetic energy can destroy buildings and other structures during a(n)___________. | seismic, earthquake |
| electric and magnetic __________ that move perpendicular to each other are called ____________ waves | waves, electromagnetic |
| _________ energy is the energy that is carried by electromagnetic waves. | radiant |
| _________ transform radiant energy of light into ________ energy | solar cells, electric |
| when energy is converted from one form to another, a(n) __________ has occurred | energy transformation |
| energy is transferred when it moves from one _________ to another. | object |
| the statement that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed is called the law of _______________. | conservation of energy |
| the total amount of __________ in the universe does not change, but it can change ___________. | energy, forms |
| the energy transformations that occur on a roller coaster include the change from ______________ to _____________ as you travel to the top of a big hill and from gravitational _____________ to kinetic energy as you descend the hill | kinetic, potential, potential energy |
| the energy transformations that occur in the human body include the transformation of ___________ energy in the bonds in __________ of the food people eat into energy for __________, temperature control, and other life processes. | chemical, molecules, movement |
| plants carry out __________ ; in this process, the plants change __________ energy from the Sun into __________ energy in molecular bonds. | photosynthesis, radiant, chemical |
| with time and __________, ancient plants that had been buried under sediments turned into __________. | pressure, fossil fuels |
| when fossil fuels are burned in power plants, the __________ energy in the molecules of the plants is transformed into __________ energy people use in schools and their homes. | chemical, electric |
| __________ is a force between two surfaces that are in __________ with each other. | friction, contact |
| the __________ of the force of friction is opposite the direction of __________ of the object. | direction, motion |
| friction transforms some of the energy of the moving object into __________ energy. | thermal |
| in energy __________ and energy transfers, some energy is transformed into __________ energy. | transformations, thermal |
| if thermal energy moves from a region where the __________ is higher to a region where the temperature is low, the energy is sometimes called heat or __________ energy. | temperature, waste |
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