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Chapter 15 (Final)
Personality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Barnum Effect | inventory test and it'll give you your personality profile, but everyone gets the same one. Shows that we project ourselves onto the descriptions. |
| Challenge for personality (5) | assessment, power of the situation, predict behavior, stability, definitions |
| Trait theorists assumptions (3) | 1) internal dispositions are consistent over time and situation. 2) personality is continual w/ extremes 3) traits are independent of each other |
| Trait theory-hierarchically | observed behavior - surface traits - central traits |
| Big Five is part of what theory? | Trait theorists |
| Big Five components. How is it measure? | Openess, conscientious, extroversion, agreableness, neuroticism. Measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-rate agreement with statements |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | answer T/F questions on many statements and see which illness you match up w/ based on your answers by comparing your answers to someone else's profile who is sick |
| Trait theorists | use characteristics/traits to describe people |
| Social-cognitive perspective | focuses on differences in learned beliefs/thoughts that predispose ppl to act/react a certain way |
| Reciprocal determination- what is it? what theory is it from? | Social-cognitive perspective > interaction b/w thoughts (cognitive factors), environmental factors, and behavior. All three forms a person's personalit. Explain our personality based on various factors that are internal and external. |
| Internal locus of control- what is it? which culture? | one control one's own fate. More common in individualistic culture (western) |
| External locus of control- what is it? which culture? | outside forces determine one's fate. Collectivistic culture (Eastern) |
| Maslow's hierarchy of needs focuses on what? | person as a whole. Personality is more about life satisfaction |
| Maslow's hierarchy of needs | physiological needs - safety - belongingness and love - esteem - self-actualization |
| What are social influences for personality? | birth order and culture of honor |
| Birth order and personality differences | First borms are more responsible, organized and structured. Later borns are more easy-going, trusting, adventurous, "fun" personality |
| Sibling contrast | differentiate self from siblings to establish uniqueness of self |
| Split-parent identification | one sibling identify self with one parent, and the other sibling with the other parent |
| Advantages of sibling contrast and split-parent identification | reduce sibling rivalry and build family cohesion |
| Culture of honor | small disputes can escalate and lead to violent retributions. More common in Southern men, so they tend to be more aggressive than Northern men |
| Factor analysis | provides a mathematical means to identify efficient, non-redundant set of personality traits based on correlations among larger sets of such traits. |
| Advantages of being different | Diverse personalities protect one's genetic environment. Variations in the Big Five traits > strategies for survival and reproduction. |
| Psychodynamic vs. social-cognitive theories | Psychodynamic focuses on unconscious motives as shapers of personality. Social-cognitive theories focus on beliefs and habits of thought acquired through ppl's experiences in social environment |
| Self-efficacy vs. locus of control | Self-efficacy: person's sense of his/her own ability. Locus of control: sense of whether or not that ability will produce rewards |
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