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Psychology Exam#3LSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a twenty-four-hour period | Circadian Rhythm |
| Internal clock is called ______________ _____________. | Superchiasmatic Nucleus |
| The Superchiasmatic Nucleus is located in the _________________. | Hypothalamus |
| A test that measures electrical activity in the brain. | Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| About every ___ minutes during sleep we pass through ____ distinct sleep stages. | 90,5 |
| EEG Pattern during normal waking thought and alert problem solving. | Beta |
| EEG Pattern during deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation. | Alpha |
| EEG Pattern during light sleep. | Theta |
| EEG Pattern during deep sleep. | Delta |
| Awake and Alert = ________ waves. | Beta |
| Awake but relaxed = ____________ waves. | Alpha |
| With each 90-minute cycle, stage ____ sleep decreases and the duration of _______ sleep increases. | 4, REM |
| is a rare genetic sleep disorder that shows us what can happen without sleep. Deterioration of health and other side effects | Fatal Familial Insomnia |
| a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares. | REM Behavior Disorder |
| Frightening dreams during REM. | Nightmares |
| What two sleep disorders occur during deep, non-rem sleep? | Somnambulism & Night Terrors |
| What two sleep disorders occur during REM sleep? | REM Behavior Disorder and Nightmares |
| sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning | Narcolepsy |
| sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work. | Sleep Apnea |
| Sigmund Freud suggested the dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings. The dream’s manifest (apparent) content may also have symbolic meanings (latent content) that signify our unacceptable feelings. | Wish Fulfillment |
| Why do we dream? | Wish Fullfilment and Physiological Functioning |
| Dreams provide sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways. Neural networks of newborn are fast developing therefore need more sleep. | Physiological Function |
| drug craving and use despite adverse consequences. | Addiction |
| less effect same dose, need more. | Tolerance |
| need for drug, withdrawal without it | Dependence |
| Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamine and methamphetamine Cocaine Stimulants or Depressants? | Stimulants |
| Drugs that affect awareness, behaviour, sensation, perception or mood. | Psychoactive Drugs |
| Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous systems | Stimulants |
| Most commonly used psychoactive drug in the U.S. | Stimulants |
| Heightened arousal, reduced fatigue Too much causes tension, anxiety. | Caffeine |
| 90% of Americans use this stimulant | Caffeine |
| increasingly being studied as a teratogen. | Caffeine |
| More addictive than heroin or alcohol. #1 cause of preventable death in US. Easiest substance to become addicted to and most difficult to quit. | Nicotine |
| Develop tolerance quickly. Trend for stimulant use (like Ritalin) in college kids. | Amphetamines and Methamphetamines |
| Increases dopamine>feeling of euphoria From coca plant | Cocaine |
| decrease the functioning of the nervous systems | Depressants |
| Feels like a stimulant? It’s not! It depresses the areas that control judgement and inhibition. Severe withdrawal. Long term health consequences. | Alcohol |
| Lower anxiety Addictive Dangerous in large doses. | Benzodiazepines |
| Known as major tranquilizers. Sedative effect, dangerous in large doses. Addictive. Develop tolerance quickly. | Barbiturates |
| Drugs which come from opium and suppress pain | Narcotics |
| Made from opium poppy Mimic endorphins | Narcotics |
| Distorts perceptions and evokes sensory images in absence of sensory input. | Hallucinoegens |
| Used only as an animal tranquilizer | PCP |
| Also a stimulant. Entactogen – increase emotional openness and empathy. Studies suggest permanent serotonogic pathway damage, cognitive deficits and decreased performance on memory tasks. | MDMA |
| used by Native Americans, from peyote cactus | Mescaline |
| “magic mushrooms” | Psilocybin |
| Mimics endocannibinoids. | Marijuana |
| influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions | Nature |
| influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions | Nurture |
| Genes can influence traits which affect responses, and environment can affect gene activity. | Gene Environment Interaction |
| concepts of frameworks to organize and interpret information | Schemas |
| They try to understand new things in terms of schemas they already have | assimilation |
| They also adjust or alter old schemas to fit new information | accomodation |
| governs the learning of language during infancy and early childhood, proposed by Chomsky | Language Acquisition Device |
| the behavioral characteristics that are fairly well established at birth | Temperament |
| the emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver | Attachment |
| (exposing the infant to a series of leaving and returning of mother and stranger) to study attachment styles. | Strange Situation |
| Who executed Strange Situation? | Ainsworth |
| willing to explore; upset when mother departs, but easily soothed upon her return | Secure |
| unattached; explores without “touching base” | Avoidant |
| insecurely attached; upset when mother leaves and then angry with mother upon her return | Ambivalent |
| insecurely attached and sometimes abused or neglected; child seems fearful, dazed, and depressed | Disorganized-Disoriented |
| showed that infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not nourishment. | Harlow |
| Parents impose rules and expect obidience | Authoritarian |
| Parents submit to children's demands | Submissive |
| Parents are demanding but responsive to children | Authoritative |
| Trust Vs. Mistrust | INFANCY |
| Autonomy Vs. Shame and Dout | Toddlerhood |
| Initiative Vs. guilt | Preschooler |
| Competence vs. Inferiority | Elementary School |
| Identity vs. Role Confusion | Adolescense |
| Intimacy Vs. Isolation | Young Adulthood |
| Generativity vs. Stagnation | Middle Adulthood |
| Integrity vs. Despair | Late Adulthood |
| the behavior associated with being male or female | Gender |
| perception of one’s gender and the behavior that is associated with that gender | Gender Identity |
| begins with puberty (sexual maturation) and last until age 20 | Adolescense |
| type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm | Personal Fable |
| type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe that other people are just as concerned about the adolescent’s thoughts and characteristics as they themselves are | Imaginary Audience |
| Before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward. | Preconventional morality |
| By early adolescence social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake. | Conventional morality |
| Affirms people’s agreed-upon rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles. | Postconventional morality |
| begins in the early twenties and ends with death in old age. | Adulthoood |
| Adulthood is divided into : | Early, Middle and Late Adulthood |
| fluid intelligence (ability to reason speedily) ________ with age | declines |
| _______________ intelligence (accumulated knowledge and skills). | Crystallized |
| How do genetic inheritance and experience influence our behavior? | Nature/Nurture |
| Is development a gradual, continuous process or is it divided into stages? | Continuity/Stages |
| Do our personality traits persist through life,or do we become different persons as we age? | Stability/Change |
| consists of a negative bias or stereotypic attitude toward aging and the aged. It is maintained in the form of primarily negative stereotypes and myths concerning the older adult | Ageism |
| the process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individuals | Social Influence |
| changing one’s own behavior to match that of other people | Conformity |
| influence resulting from desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval | Normative Social Influence |
| influence resulting from willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality | Information Social Influence |
| changing one’s behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change | Compliance |
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taylortrahan13
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