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Psyc ch. 5
Psychology exam ch. 5,6,7,8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cognitive Development Stage Theory | Created by Jean Piaget |
| Stages of Moral Development | Created by Lawrence Kolhberg |
| Psycho-social Stage Theory | Created by Erik Erikson |
| Includes: Germinal Stage, embryonic stage, and fetal stage | Prenatal Developmental Stages |
| Germinal stage | Conception to 2 weeks |
| Embryonic stage | 2 weeks - 8 weeks -Formation of bone cells |
| single cell that results when a sperm fertilizes an egg | zygote |
| Movement of neurons from one part of the brain to their more permanent destination -Occurs during months 3-5 of the fetal stage | Neural Migration |
| Alter development of infant's psychological and physical health | Prenatal Programming |
| Key part of the developing baby's environment | Maternal Nutrition |
| substances from the external environment that impact fetal and infant development (negative) -viruses and flue -nicotine | Teratogens |
| Reflexes | -Grasping -Rooting |
| Intentional Movements | 4 mo: hold objects 5 mo: sit unassisted 7 mo: crawl 8-9 mo: walk assisted |
| What is sensory development? | the five major senses develop at different rates |
| Deterioration of synapses and dying off of neurons that are not strengthened by experience | Neuron pruning |
| Stages of Cognitive Development | -Stage 1: Sensorimotor, 0-2 yrs -Stage 2: Preoperational, 2-5 yrs -Stage 3: Concrete Operational, age 6-11 yrs -Stage 4: Formal Operational, 12+ yrs |
| Stage of Piaget's cognitive development Stage 1, 0-2 yrs -Infants learn about the world by using their senses and by moving their bodies | Sensorimotor |
| The ability to realize that objects still exist when they are not being sensed | object permanence |
| Stage 2 of Piaget's cognitive developmental stages, 2-5 yrs | Preoperational |
| Belief that inanimate objects are alive | Animistic thinking |
| Tendency to view the world only from one's own perspective, not being able to see things from another perspective | Egocentrism |
| Stage 3, 6-11 years -Child can perform mental operations on real objects or events | Concrete operational |
| Stage 4, able to reason abstractly, scientifically, and philosophically | Formal operational |
| Thinking expands from self-centered to society/broader environment | Deductive reasoning |
| This theory defines the development of moral reasoning | Kohlberg's stage theory |
| First level in Kohlberg's theory, avoiding punishment or maximizing rewards | Preconventional level |
| Second level in Kohlberg's theory values caring, trust, and relationships, as well as social order and lawfulness | Conventional level |
| third level in Kohlberg's theory universal moral rules may trump unjust or immoral local rules and laws | Postconventional level |
| Biologically based tendency to behave in particular ways from very early in life (newborns) | Temperament |
| A child that is predictable and happy has a ___ temperament. | Easy temperament |
| A child that is unpredictable and unhappy has a ___ temperament. | Difficult temperament |
| A child that is mildly intense, and mildly irregular at first has a _____ temperament | Slow-to-warm-up Temperament |
| strong emotional bond with caregiver | Attachment |
| Innate learning of the characteristics of caregiver | Imprinting |
| Type of attachment when infant is happy, want to be held, then return to play | Secure attachment |
| Type of attachment when infant gives conflicting messages, wants to be held, but yet is emotional, upset, and/or angry | Anxious-resistant Attachment |
| Type of attachment when infant ignores primary caregiver, and avoids him/her | Anxious-avoidant attachment |
| first stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | Hope, infant stage |
| second stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | Will, toddler stage |
| Third stage Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | Purpose, kindergarten stage |
| fourth stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | competence, age 6-puberty |
| fifth stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | fidelity, teenage stage |
| sixth stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | love, young adulthood stage |
| seventh stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | caring, middle adulthood stage |
| eighth stage of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development | wisdom, old age stage |
| Loss of mental function in which many cognitive processes are impaired | Dementia |
| Degenerative disease marked by progressive cognitive decline | Alzheimer's disease |
Created by:
shanncruz
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