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Respiratory Drugs
Respiratory Drugs 12/10/07
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Constriction of bronchials | Parasympathetic- Vagus nerve |
| Dilation of bronchials | Sympathetic- Adrenal medulla |
| Things that increase RR | -Low pH (acidic), Low bicarbonate, High CO2 |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Defect in transport of Cl- ions. Not enough Cl- out, too few Na+ ions follow. Decrease H20 flow into lumen, increased viscosity of the mucus layers and gets too thick. Cilia are unacble to work properly |
| Histamine | Mediator of inflammation- Broken down and inactivated by tissues. |
| Effects of Histamine | Increased production of nasal and bronchial mucus. Increased constriction of bronchioles. Increased capillary permeability. Irritation of sensory nerve endings. Increased contractile force of cardiac muscle |
| Leukotrienes | Potent inflammatory agents |
| Mucokinetic agent | Promotes the removal of excessive abnormal mucus. Things out mucus and lets cilia move it easier |
| Sputum | Abnormal viscous secretions of lower lungs |
| Guaifenesin (prototype) | Expectorants. Used to break up mucus and stimulate cough |
| Dextromethorphan (prototype) | Antitussives (blocks cough reflex)- used for non-productive coughs |
| Psuedoephedrine (prototype) | Nasal decongestant- Adrenergic agonist, causes vasoconstriction and shrinks mucus membranes. Alpha agonist and stimulates catecholamine receptors |
| Fexofenadine (prototype) | Reduces histamine induced hypersensitivity reactions. Not indicated for broncial asthma or COPD |
| More about fexofenadine | Used to treat allergies that release histamine. Not for kids under 12. Less sedating than older drugs, but still causes drowsiness. |
| Diphenhydramine | Sedating antihistamine |
| Symphathomimetic | Bronchodilator. B-2 |
| Epinephrine | Bronchodilator. Nonselective adrenergic stimulant. Drug of choice for asthma and anaphylaxis |
| B-2 selective agonist | For emergencies |
| Albuterol | (Asthma, COPD) Fast acting, noncatecholamine B-2 selective agonist. Acute attacks |
| Salmeterol | Long acting B-2 agonist. Slow onset, potent, NOT for emergencies |
| Theophylline (prototype) | Xanthine derivative. Prolongs cAMP action in smooth muscle. Bronchodilation, decreased mast cell degranulation, lesser histamine release, lesser secretions. Inhibits phosphodiesterase. NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX and no antidote |
| Theophylline metabolism | Blocks muscarinic receptors |
| Cromolyn (prototype) | Histamine release inhibitors- anti-inflammatory. Do NOT bronchodilate |
| Nedocromil | Histamine release inhibitors- anti-inflammatory. Do NOT bronchodilate |
| Corticosteroids | Inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. Decreased inflammation of airways, decreased edema |
| Flunisolide (prototype) | Inhaled corticosteroid |
| Beclomethasone | Inhaled corticosteroid |
| Triamcinolone | Inhaled corticosteroid |
| Ipratropium | Modified version of atropine. Anticholinergic. NOT for emergencies |
Created by:
Yellow_Plums
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