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Science-Ch. 20

QuestionAnswer
What is a wave? any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or empty space
What is a medium? substance through which a wave can travel
What are mechanical waves? waves that require a medium(ex: sound waves, earthquakes,radio waves)
What are electromagnetic waves? waves that do not require a medium
What are transverse waves? Waves in which the particles vibrate in an up-and-down motion; particles in this kind of wave move across, or perpendicularly to, the direction that the wave is going (all electromagnetic waves are transverse)
What is a crest? highest point of a transverse wave
What is a trough? lowest point of a transverse wave
Although electromagnetic waves do not travel by vibrating particles in a medium, why are they considered transverse waves? the waves are made of vibrations that are perpendicular to the direction of motion
What is a longitudinal wave? a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion (ex: sound waves
What is a compression? part of a longitudinal wave where the particles are crowded together
What is a rarefraction? part where the particles are spread apart in a longitudinal wave
What is a surface wave? wave combination of a transverse and longitudinal wave; look like transverse waves, but the particles of the medium in a surface wave move in circles rather than up and down
What is amplitude? aximum distance that the particles of a medium vibrate from their rest position
As the amplitude increases, the energy... increases
What is a wavelength? the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave
The shorter the wavelength... more energy it carries
What is frequency? the number of waves produced in a given amount of time; measured in Hertz (Hz)
As the frequency increases, the energy... increases
What is wave speed? speed at which a wave travels; v=wavelength*frequency
What is reflection? the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that it does not go through
What is refraction? the bending of a wave as the wave passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs
What is diffraction? a change in the direction of a wave when the wave finds an obstacle or an edge, such as an opening
What is an interference? the combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave
What is a constructive interference? crests of one wave overlap the crests of another wave or waves;the resulting wave has a larger amplitude than the original waves had
What is a destructive interference? crests of one wave and the troughs of another wave overlap. The new wave has a smaller amplitude than the original waves had
What is a standing wave? a pattern of vibration that simulates a wave that is standing still
What is a resonance? a phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency; the sound produced by one object causes the other object to vibrate
Created by: kayla26tran
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