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Psychology Ch.11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mental state or feeling associated with our evaluation of our experiences | emotion |
| theory that humans experience a small number of distinct emotions that are rooted our biology | discrete emotions theory |
| small number (perhaps seven) of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal | primary emotions |
| cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions | display rules |
| theories proposing that emotions are products of thinking | cognitive theories of emotion |
| theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretation of our bodily reactions to stimuli | James-Lange theory of emotion |
| theory proposing that we use our "gut reactions" to help us determine how we should act | somatic marker theory |
| theory proposing that emotion-provoking events lead simultaneously to an emotion and to bodily reactions | Canon-Bard theory |
| theory proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated state of arousal along with an attribution (explanation) of that arousal | two-factor theory |
| phenomenon in which repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorably toward it | mere exposure effect |
| theory that blood vessels in the face feed back temperature information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions | facial feedback hypothesis |
| unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior | nonverbal leakage |
| study of personal space | proxemics |
| supposedly perfect physiological or behavioral indicator of lying | Pinocchio response |
| alternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that criminals harbor concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don't | guilty knowledge test (GKT) |
| questionnaire that presumably assesses workers' tendency to steal or cheat | integrity test |
| phase in human sexual response in which people experience sexual pleasure and notice physiological changes associated with it | excitement phase |
| phase in human sexual response in which sexual tension builds | plateau phase |
| phase in human sexual response marked by involuntary rhythmic contractions in the muscles of genitals in both men and women | orgasm (climax) phase |
| phase in human sexual response following orgasm, in which people report relaxation and a sense of well-being | resolution phase |
| physical nearness, a predictor of attraction | proximity |
| extent to which we have things in common with others, a predictor of attraction | similarity |
| rule of give and take, a predictor of attraction | reciprocity |
| love marked by powerful, even overwhelming, longing for one's partner | passionate love |
| love marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one's partner | companionate love |
| fake smile; upward turn of the mouth but no movement in the eyes | Pan Am smile |
| real smile; upward turn of the mouth and crinkling of the eyes; increased activity in front region of left hemisphere | Duchenne smile |
| when we know something,we often make the mistake of assuming others know it too; commonly made in texting | curse of knowledge |
| gestures often used when talking to highlight or accentuate speech | illustrators |
| gestures in which one body part strokes, presses, bites, or otherwise touches another body part; often occur when we're stressed | manipulators |
| gestures that convey conventional meanings recognized by members of a culture | emblems |
| space of 12 feet or more; typically used for public speaking | public distance |
| space of 4-12 feet; typically used for conversations among strangers and casual acquaintances | social distance |
| space of 1.5-4 feet; typically used for conversations among close friend or romantic partners | personal distance |
| space of 0-1.5 feet; typically used for kissing, hugging, whispering "sweet nothings," and affectionate touching | intimate distance |
| most widely administered version of the polygraph test, uses 3 main types of questions | controlled questions test (CQT) |
| the "did you do it" questions directly relating to the issue in question | relevant questions |
| the questions not bearing on the crime in question, or on any lies | irrelevant questions |
| the questions reflecting on probable lies that most people may feel inclined to lie about; typically inquire about trivial flaws, or misdeeds | control questions |
| innocent individuals whom the polygraph tests labels incorrectly as guilty | false positives |
| guilty individuals whom the polygraph test labels incorrectly as innocent | false negatives |
| test that relies on the premise that criminals harbor concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don't | guilty knowledge test (GKT) |
| a test that measures suspects' brain waves following each multiple choice item; spin off the GKT | brain fingerprinting |
| sexual desire; a wish or craving for sexual activity or sexual pleasure | libido |
| theory that biological variables play a role in men's and women's preferences in mates (and attraction) by constraining the roles that men and women adopt | social role theory |
| theory proposed by Robert Sternberg that uses the three principles of intimacy, passion, and commitment to describe different levels of love | triangular theory of love |
| theory that argues that the amount of time it takes to create an offspring will correlate with your investment in that offspring | parental investment theory |
| the fact that men can never be completely sure they're the father | "paternity uncertainty" |
| strong negative reaction to homosexuality | homophobia |
Created by:
rlhaas
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