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Psych 160: Nov 7th

Culture and Personality

QuestionAnswer
What are Cultural Variations? Cultural Variations refer to local within-group similarities and between-group differences of sort. (Physical, Pyschological, Behavioral, Attitudinal). (Ex. American's eat red meat, indians abhor it.)
What are the 3 main Goals of Cultural Personality Psychology? To discover the principles underlying the cultural diversity To Discover how human psychology shapes culture To discover how cultural understandings, in turn shape our psychology.
What is Envoked Culture? Evoked culture refers to the cultural differences created by differing environmental conditions activating a predicable set of responses. (i.e. being from hotter places + being tanner)
What are the two things necessary to explain cultural variations? A universal underlying mechanism (ex. the fact that sweat glands are possessed by all people.) Environmental Differences in the degree to which the underlying mechanism is activated. (ex. differences in ambient temperature.)
What are High Variance conditions? Situations in which certain necessities aren't necessarily ensured to all members of a society?
Do Low Variance Conditions result in High Egalitarianism or Lower Egalitarism? Low Variance Conditions facilitate individuality as relying on those around you isn't crucial to attaining resources.
What is Egalitarianism? The degree to which members of a society choose to share recourses with one another.
What is the Culture of Honor and who coined this term? Culture of Honor is a term used by Nisbett to describe cultures (namely the American South) in which insults are viewed as highly offensive public challenges, which must be met with direct confrontation and physical aggression.
What is the most wide spread understanding of why the Culture of Honor came to be? The Culture of Honor's roots like in the fact that in herding economies cultivating a reputation as willing to respond with violence was an attempt to deter thieves and other threats to your resources.
Describe the results of the "Hallway Test"
What is Transmitted Culture? Consists of ideas, values, attitudes, and beliefs that exist originally in at least one person's mind that are transmitted to other people's minds through their interaction with the original person.
What is Interdependence? Refers to establishing of how one is affiliated with, attached to, or engaged in the larger group of which one is a member.
What is Independence? Independence refers to how one differentiates one's self from the larger group
What is Balkanization? refers to social re-segregation following a time of peaceful integration and social diversity. Poses a significant challenge for those engaged in cross-cultural marriages.
What is Individualism? Individualism refers a sense of self as being autonomous and independent, with priority given to personal goals.
What is Collectivism? Collectivism refers to a sense of self as more connected to groups and interdependent, with priority given to group goals.
What is the Twenty Statements Test and what is it's main purpose? The Twenty Statements Test is implemented to examine cultural differences in self concept by having a subject create twenty statements about themselves.
What does the term Within-Culture Variation refer to? Within-Culture Variations refer to variations that arise from several sources, including differences i growing up in various socioeconomic classes, differences in historical era, or differences in the racial context in which one grows up.
What are three examples of Within-Culture Variation? Social Class Historical Era Race
What does the Whorfian hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity state? The Whorfian Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity argues that the ideas that people can think an the emotions they feel are constrained by the words that happen to exist in their language and culture.
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