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“Routable Protocols” –
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Chapter 4: Network
Network Protocols
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protocols” – | rules that govern how devices/networks communicate |
| “Routable Protocols” – | protocols that can span more than one LAN. |
| “Multiprotocol networks” – | networks running more than one protocol |
| Most popular protocol suite is TCP/IP Stack. Others: | IPX/SPX, NetBIOS, and AppleTalk |
| Open System Interconnection (“OSI”) Model is | A general (suggested) standard for communication systems. Used as a guide to help understand the communication process Composed of 7 layers |
| TCP/IP Protocol Stack (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) | A required standard for communication systems such as the Internet and similar networks. Composed of 4 layers |
| Network communications are divided into four layers: | 4. Application layer 3.Transport layer 2.Internet/Network layer 1.Network Access Data Link layer Physical layer |
| TCP Protocol provides | Connection-oriented, Provides flow control, Transport layer protocol |
| UDP Protocol provides | Connectionless, Provides NO flow control |
| Port – | used to simplify communications and manage network traffic Every process on a machine is assigned a port number 0 to 65535 |
| Socket = | process port number + host machine’s IP address Ensures data transmitted to correct application |
| IPv4 Address length 32 bits (four 8-bit decimal octets). IPv6 Address length increased to | 128 bits (thirty-two 4-bit hexadecimal digits |
| “IP” - | the primary logical addressing protocol used for all Internet traffic |
| IPv4” – | the core protocol responsible for logical addressing |
| “Subnet Mask” | 32-bit number that, when combined with device’s IP address, informs rest of network about segment or network to which a device is attached. |
| Loopback Address” – 127.0.0.1 used | to determine whether a workstation’s own TCP/IP services are running. |
| Private” Addresses | Addresses that are not valid for Internet use Considered “non-routable”. They have been reserved for use in private intranets |
| “Intranet” – | an internal network that provides file and resource sharing but is not accessed from the Internet. |
| “ipconfig” – | Windows XP command to view IP information on a computer winipcfg on windows 98 and earlier |
| “IPv6” – | new addressing scheme slated to replace current IP protocol, IPv4 a.k.a… “IPng” (Internet Protocol Next Generation). |
| Characteristics IPv6” Network layer protocol | More efficient header, better security, better prioritization than v4 Billions of additional IP addresses |
| ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) | reports on success or failure of data delivery |
| PING (Packet Internet Groper | A network layer utility that can verify that TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating |
| ping” – | Windows command to reports on success or failure of data delivery. |
| IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) | Protocol that manages multicasting |
| ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) | Protocol that obtains MAC (physical) address of host. |
| “ARP Table (cache)” | Determines the hardware (MAC) addresses for known IP addresses. |
| “Static IP address” | Manually assigned. Can easily result in duplication of addresses. |
| Dynamic IP address” | Automatically assigned Most network administrators rely on network service to automatically assign IP addresses |
| Protocols for Assigning IP Addressing Information. Application layer protocols: | BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) DNS (Domain Name System) DDNS (Dynamic DNS) Zeroconf (Zero Configuration) |
| APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) | Protocol that uses an automated means of assigning unique IP address to a device on a network that cannot reach a DHCP server |
| Zeroconf (Zero Configuration) | Protocol that provides a simplified means of complete node setup on a TCP/IP network |
| “Domain Name” – | usually associated with a company or other type of organization |
| “Host File” – | a text file used to associate an internal host name with an IP address |
| DNS (Domain Name System) | Protocol that uses a hierarchical method of associating domain names with IP addresses |
| DDNS (Dynamic DNS) | Protocol that is used with DNS to notify a service provider when a user’s IP address changes |
| A “terminal emulation” protocol | used to log on to remote hosts using TCP/IP protocol suite |
| FTP (File Transfer Protocol) | Protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP |
| TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) | Protocol that enables file transfers between computers. |
| NTP (Network Time Protocol) | is used to synchronize clocks of computers on a network Application layer protocol |
| Internet/Network Layer protocole | IP (Internet Protocol)... [v4 & v6] ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) |
Created by:
fofo1986