Chapter 4: Network Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Protocols” –	rules that govern how devices/networks communicate
“Routable Protocols” –	protocols that can span more than one LAN.
“Multiprotocol networks” –	networks running more than one protocol
Most popular protocol suite is TCP/IP Stack. Others:	IPX/SPX, NetBIOS, and AppleTalk
Open System Interconnection (“OSI”) Model is	A general (suggested) standard for communication systems. Used as a guide to help understand the communication process Composed of 7 layers
TCP/IP Protocol Stack (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)	A required standard for communication systems such as the Internet and similar networks. Composed of 4 layers
Network communications are divided into four layers:	4. Application layer 3.Transport layer 2.Internet/Network layer 1.Network Access Data Link layer Physical layer
TCP Protocol provides	Connection-oriented, Provides flow control, Transport layer protocol
UDP Protocol provides	Connectionless, Provides NO flow control
Port –	used to simplify communications and manage network traffic Every process on a machine is assigned a port number 0 to 65535
Socket =	process port number + host machine’s IP address Ensures data transmitted to correct application
IPv4 Address length 32 bits (four 8-bit decimal octets). IPv6 Address length increased to	128 bits (thirty-two 4-bit hexadecimal digits
“IP” -	the primary logical addressing protocol used for all Internet traffic
IPv4” –	the core protocol responsible for logical addressing
“Subnet Mask”	32-bit number that, when combined with device’s IP address, informs rest of network about segment or network to which a device is attached.
Loopback Address” – 127.0.0.1 used	to determine whether a workstation’s own TCP/IP services are running.
Private” Addresses	Addresses that are not valid for Internet use Considered “non-routable”. They have been reserved for use in private intranets
“Intranet” –	an internal network that provides file and resource sharing but is not accessed from the Internet.
“ipconfig” –	Windows XP command to view IP information on a computer winipcfg on windows 98 and earlier
“IPv6” –	new addressing scheme slated to replace current IP protocol, IPv4 a.k.a… “IPng” (Internet Protocol Next Generation).
Characteristics IPv6” Network layer protocol	More efficient header, better security, better prioritization than v4 Billions of additional IP addresses
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)	reports on success or failure of data delivery
PING (Packet Internet Groper	A network layer utility that can verify that TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating
ping” –	Windows command to reports on success or failure of data delivery.
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)	Protocol that manages multicasting
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)	Protocol that obtains MAC (physical) address of host.
“ARP Table (cache)”	Determines the hardware (MAC) addresses for known IP addresses.
“Static IP address”	Manually assigned. Can easily result in duplication of addresses.
Dynamic IP address”	Automatically assigned Most network administrators rely on network service to automatically assign IP addresses
Protocols for Assigning IP Addressing Information. Application layer protocols:	BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) DNS (Domain Name System) DDNS (Dynamic DNS) Zeroconf (Zero Configuration)
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)	Protocol that uses an automated means of assigning unique IP address to a device on a network that cannot reach a DHCP server
Zeroconf (Zero Configuration)	Protocol that provides a simplified means of complete node setup on a TCP/IP network
“Domain Name” –	usually associated with a company or other type of organization
“Host File” –	a text file used to associate an internal host name with an IP address
DNS (Domain Name System)	Protocol that uses a hierarchical method of associating domain names with IP addresses
DDNS (Dynamic DNS)	Protocol that is used with DNS to notify a service provider when a user’s IP address changes
A “terminal emulation” protocol	used to log on to remote hosts using TCP/IP protocol suite
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)	Protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)	Protocol that enables file transfers between computers.
NTP (Network Time Protocol)	is used to synchronize clocks of computers on a network Application layer protocol
Internet/Network Layer protocole	IP (Internet Protocol)... [v4 & v6] ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Created by: fofo1986