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GEO Ch 16
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Both P waves and S waves can pass through ___ | solid rock |
Earthquake waves propagate most rapidly through ___ | igneous rock |
Richter scale values above 7 are not accurate. The ___ scale is a more objective method of measuring the energy of a large earthquake | moment magnitude |
The greatest loss of life in the 1964 southern Alaska earthquake was from ____ | tsunamis |
_____ would be associated with Benioff zones | All the answers are correct |
A ___ plots seismic-wave arrival time against the distance | travel-time curve |
The point within the earth where seismic waves first originate is the ____ | focus |
_____ waves tend to be incredibly destructive to buildings because they produce much ground movement and take a long time to pass | Rayleigh |
_____ are seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior, spreading out from the focus in all directions | Body Waves |
On the modified Mercalli intensity scale the maximum value is _____ | XII |
_____-waves are the slowest body waves | S |
A _____ is the first wave to arrive at a recording station following an earthquake | P-wave |
___ earthquakes probably occur along older faults that are no longer at plate boundaries, for example the New Madrid Missouri earthquakes of 1811-1812 | Intraplate |
In the elastic rebound theory, earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of progressively stored ___ in rocks | strain |
A ____ is a seismic sea wave | tsunami |
Perhaps 90 percent of the destruction in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was caused by ___ | fires |
Although large earthquakes are rare in the central and eastern United States, when they do occur they tend to be very destructive because | the crust there is cool and brittle |
Rupture begins at the ____ and then spreads rapidly along the fault plane | focus |
____ are earthquake waves that cause the most property damage | Surface waves |
Faulting and earthquakes are examples of ______ | brittle behavior |
The most important concentration of earthquakes by far is _____ | the Circumpacific belt |
The paper record of an earthquake is a ___ | seismogram |
The effects of ground motion caused by an earthquake do not include | volcanism |
_____ are the waves of energy produced by an earthquake | Seismic |
_____ maps are useful for assessing how different areas respond to seismic waves and provide valuable information for earthquake planning | Intensity |
_____ focus earthquakes are the most common | Shallow |
Surface Waves _____ | produce most of the damage to buildings during earthquakes |
_____ can occur when water-saturated soil turns from a solid to a liquid as a result of an earthquake | Liquefaction |
Deep rocks behave as ____ material under stress rather than breaking | ductile |
___ stations are the minimum needed to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter | Three |
The time interval between the first arrival of P-waves and the first arrival of S-waves _____ with distance from the focus of an earthquake | increases |
For most of the 20th century earthquake magnitude was reported on the _____ scale, a scale that has never exceeded a magnitude 8.6 | Richter |
A series of earthquakes that occurred near ____ in 1811-1812 were the most widely felt earthquakes to occur in recorded history | New Madrid, Missouri |
____ is a measure of an earthquake's effect on people and buildings | Intensity |
Medium and deep focus earthquakes occur along _____ | convergent plate boundaries only |
The ____ is the most famous example of a right lateral transform fault | San Andreas Fault in California |
One suggested cause of deep focus earthquakes is _____ | collapse of minerals into denser forms |
Tsunami waves may move faster than _____ | 800 km/hr |
Which of the following is not used to aid in earthquake prediction | tsunamis |
Deep focus earthquakes occur at a maximum depth of _____ | 670 km |