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Ch 7 & 8 Rad Protect
Early/Late Radiation effects on organ systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Somatic & Genetic Damage Factors (4) | 1. The quanitity of ionizing radiation to which the subject is exposed 2.The ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of human tissue 3.The amount of body area exposed 4.The specific body part exposed |
| Somatic Effects | When the organisms exposed to radiation suffer biological damage |
| Non-stochastic effects | AKA, deterministic effects; If the effects are cell killing and directly related to the dose; appear within min, hrs, days or wks after exposure |
| Stochastic effects | AKA, probabilistic; Late effects that are mutational or randomly occurring |
| Early somatic effects (11) | Nausea, fatigue, erythema, epilation (bald), blood disorder, intestinal disorders, dever, dry and most desquamation, depressed sperm count, temp/permanent sterility, CNS injury |
| Acute Radiation Syndrome | ARS or radiation sickness. Requires large, whole body exposure |
| 3 Dose related syndroms, in order from early to late effects | 1. Hematopoietic 2.Gastrointestinal 3.Cerebrovascular |
| Pondromal Stage of ARS | Occurs within hours after a whole body absorbed dose of 1Gy or more is recieved |
| Pondromal stage symptoms | Nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, fatigue, leukopenia |
| Latent stage dose | 1-100Gy |
| Hematopoietic Stage (dose, Average Survival, Symptoms) | 1-10Gy; 6-8wks; (symptoms from previous)decreased in # of red & white blood cells & platlets in circulating blood, hemorrhage, infection |
| GI stage (dose, average survival, symptoms) | 6-10Gy; 3-10days; (symptoms from previous) Loss of appetite, lathargy, electrolytic imblanace & emaciation |
| Cerebrovascular stage (dose, average survival, symptoms) | 5+Gy; Several hours to 3 days; (symptoms from previous) excessive nervousness, confusion, lack of coordination, LOC, disorientation, shock, agitation alernating with stupor, edema,loss of equilibrium, meningitis, prostation, respiratory distress, coma |
| Late somatic effects | Appear months or years following exposure, do not have a threshold, occur in an arbitrary or probabilistic manner, late non-stochastic deterministic effects |
| Late nonstochastic somatic effects (6) | Cataract formation, fibrosis, organ atrophy, loss of parenchymal cells, reduced fertility, sterility |
| Late stochastic somatic effects (2) | Cancer, embryologic effects |
| 3 major types of late somatic effects | Carcinogenesis-> stochastic Cataractogenesis->non-stochastic Embryologic effects->stochastic |
| Embryologic effects | Most vulnerable stage->1st trimester b/c of large # of stem cells. Excess doses 200mSv can result in death or congenital abnormalities. .05-.15Gy during preimplantation stage will cause death |
| Genetic effects | The biological effects of ionizing radiation on future generations; result of radiation-induced damage to the DNA of the sperm or ova of the adult |
| Doubling dose concept | The radiation dose that causes the # of spontaneous mutations to occur in a givem generation to increase to 2x their original number. was determined from hiroshima & Nag attacks- aprox 156rem |
Created by:
rachelbeatty4
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