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Psychology Exam 4
development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sex | biological maleness and femaleness |
| Gender | psychological and sociocultural meanings added to biological maleness or femaleness |
| Androgyny | both masculine and feminine traits |
| Kinsey | interviewed over 18,000 participants on sexual activities and preferences |
| Masters and Johnson | male and female volunteers. Used intricate physiological measuring devices and monitored bodily responses |
| Sexual Orientation | primary erotic attraction toward members of the same sex, both sexes, or other sexes |
| Social Learning Theory | Power of immediate situation and observable behaviors on gender role development |
| Gender Schema Theory | Roles are acquired through social learning. Schema of ‘correct’ for boys and girls |
| Sexual Response Cycle (M & J) | Excitement, Plateau, orgasm, Resolution (Refractory Period) |
| nature vs nurture | Nat: Governed by automatic, pre-determined genetics Nurt: grow and developed throughout your life based on environment and five senses |
| Critical Periods | optimal periods for each developmental stage |
| Stability Theory vs Control Theory | Stability: your personality at a young age will stay your personality the rest of your life Control: personality changes throughout your life depending on environment and experiences |
| Continuity Theory vs Erikson's Stage Theory | Cont: development is a continuous thing throughout your life Stage: periods of intense growth and development and periods of rest |
| Cross-sectional vs Longitudinal Research | C-S: group of people with variety of ages/ asked a lot of questions at one time Long: examine individuals throughout their lifetime |
| 4 Perspectives on Development | Psychosocial, cognitive, biological, social-learning |
| Prenatal Development | Germinal (ovulation), Embryonic (implantation), Fetal (8 weeks) |
| Tetratogens | environmental agent that causes damage during prenatal development |
| Early Childhood Development | Vision is last to develop |
| Puberty | biological changes that lead to adult-sized body and sexual maturity |
| Thanatology | study of death |
| Piaget's Stages | Sensorimotor (birth-2) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete Operational (7-11) Formal Operational (11-on) |
| Centration | see one feature of the problem |
| Irreversibility | can’t reverse an action after it happened |
| Egocentrism | Their perspective matters (only sees one perspective) |
| Animistic Thinking | giving personality to an object |
| Kubler-Ross | 5 Stages of Dying: DAnBDAc |
| Phases of Grief | Numbness, Yearning, Disorganization/Despair, Resolution/reorganization |
| Biological Theory | inborn, genetically determined processes that control and direct behavior |
| Drive reduction vs optimal arousal | DR:physio need that leads to behavior. Behavior will satisfy the need. OA: motivated to achieve and maintain optimal level of arousal |
| Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) | Physiological→ Safety→ Love→ Esteem→ Self Actualization |
| Psychological | incentives and cognitions |
| Cannon and Washburn | balloon in stomach |
| Obesity | more than 15% body weight than ordeal |
| Thematic Apperception Test | Looking at and making stories about pictures |
| James-Lange | subjective experience→ physiological changes |
| Cannon-Baird | Emo and physio same time |
| Facial Feedback | movements of face produce experience |
| Schacter & Singer’s Two Factors | emo depends on physio and cognitive labeling |
Created by:
nwmoser
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