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Pedi Respiratory
MCC Nursing Semester 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lung size is proportional to what? | Body height |
| Where does diffusion take place? | In the walls of the alveoli |
| What moves out of the blood and into the alveoli? | CO2 |
| What children are not good candidates for capillary blood gas test? | Children with poor perfusion |
| What are CBGs used for? | Acid-base balance |
| What are the components of the ABG? | PaO2, PaCO2, pH, HCO3 |
| What does the pulmonary function test measure? | Vital capacity and expiratory flow rate |
| How old should a child be for a PFT? | Around 7, depending on understanding |
| What does a chest radiography show? | Airways, lungs, heart and great vessels |
| What does a chest CT show? | Lesions in the chest wall, pleural space, mediastinum, and lung parnechyma |
| What is a sweat test for? | Cystic fibrosis |
| What is the tuberculosis test? | Mantoux test |
| What are signs of respiratory distress? | Retractions, tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, head bobbing, decreased LOC, agitation, speak in words vs. sentences, hunched forward |
| What are some important points for the general care of a pt. with respiratory distress? | Freq. assessment of resp. status, freq. assessment of VS, fluid replacement, head of bed elevated, turn, cough and deep breathe, pt.s need to be out of bed asap |
| What are some signs that an airway my have edema? | nasal secretions, sounds may radiate to chest,enlarged tonsils/adenoids, infections, foreign body, stridor, snoring |
| What may occur as a result of weakness in the tracheal wall from fetal development? | Tracheomalacia |
| What is the flaccidity of the epiglottis and supraglottic area and weakness of the airway? | Laryngeomalacia |
| What is laryngotracheobronchitis? | Croup |
| How old is the typical child to get croup, and where should it be managed? | 1-3 y/o, at home |
| What are signs and symptoms of epiglottitis? | Will appear stridorous, drooling, anxious, high fever, tachycardia, mouth open/tongue protruding, leaning forward with chest out, retractions, pale/cyanotic, cherry red epiglottis |
| What is a beginning treatment for epiglottitis? | Humidified oxygen |
| What is one of the most common illnesses of childhood? | Otitis media |
| Why does smoking increase the risk for otitis media? | It helps the attachment of organisms |
| What are the most common causes of otitis media? | Blocked eustachian tubes and inflammation of the middle ear |
| What are signs of otitis media? | Pulling on ears, bulging tympanic membranes, drainage, fever, irritability, vomiting |
| What is treatment for otitis media? | analgesics, antibiotics, (long term) PE tubes, myringototmy |
| Where is strep harbored? | Tonsils |
| What are symptoms of strep throat? | pharyngitis, H/A, fever, rash, abdominal pain |
| Why are tonsillectomy and adenoidectomies performed? | Decrease strep infections, obstructive sleep apnea and recurrent otitis media |
| What kind of diet should a tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy have? | Cool clear liquids, then soft foods, no red foods or liquids |
| Signs of post tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy bleeding? | Repetitive swallowing, restlessness not due to pain, vomiting bright red blood |
| What position should a post tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy pt. be placed in? | Prone or lateral |
| What disease is there an increased risk for with bronchiolitis pt.s? | Asthma |
| What can cause bronchiolitis? | RSV, rhinovirus, flu, human metapneumovirus |
| What is an infection of the lungs and breathing passages that causes major respiratory illness in children that almost every child catches by the age of 2? | RSV |
| What children are at the greatest risk for RSV? | Ex-premies and chronically ill |
| How is RSV and bronchiolitis transmitted? | Direct contact with secretions or particles, transmitted by inadequately washed hands |
| What does RSV cause in adults? | common colds |
| Which strain is the most common and severe of RSV? | Type A |
| What can RSV and bronchiolitis cause? | hyperinflammation, obstructive emphysema, atelectasis |
| What are initial signs of RSV/Bronchiolitis? | rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, coughing, sneezing, wheezing, ear/eye infection, intermittent fever |
| Progressive signs of RSV/Bronchiolitis? | coughing, wheezing, air hunger, tachycardia, cyanosis, sever illness, tachypnea, retractions, listlessness, apneic spells, poor air exchange diminished breath sounds |
| Treatment of RSV/Bronchiolitis? | humidified o2, supportive care, fluids, airway management, bronchiodilators, corticosteroids |
| What is inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma? | Pneumonia |
| Initial treatment for pneumonia? | o2, nebulizer, fever control, IV fluids, IV antibiotics, chest physiotherapy |
| Surgical intervention for pneumonia? | Decortication, chest tubes, thoracotomy |
| What is the most common lethal genetic disease in caucasians? | Cystic fibrosis |
| What glands do cystic fibrosis effect? | exocrine glands |
| Why does cystic fibrosis obstruct the small passageways of the organ systems? | the exocrine glands produce an abnormally thick mucus |
| What are the signs of Cystic Fibrosis in the respiratory system? | wheezing, dry non-productive cough, repeats of pneumonia, purulent sputum, respiratory distress |
| What kind of diet do cystic fibrosis pt.s need? | High calorie and protein diet |
| What are important treatments of cystic fibrosis? | antibiotics, avoid oxygen, exercise |
Created by:
Tracey7
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