Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology Ch. 10
The Voyage Through the Life Span: Childhood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of developmental processes by taking repeated measures of the same group of people at various stages of development | Longitudinal Research |
| The study of developmental processes by taking measures of people of different age groups at the same time | Cross-Sectional Research |
| Similarities in behavior among peers that stem from the fact that group members are approximately the same age | Cohort Effect |
| A newly born child, especially during the first month | Neonate |
| A fertilized ovum (egg cell) | Zygote |
| The first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not become implanted in the uterine wall; period of the ovum | Germinal Stage |
| The baby from the 3rd through the 8th weeks following conception, during which time and major organ systems undergo rapid differentiation | Embryonic Stage |
| The process of development as guided by the unfolding of the genetic code | Maturation |
| Male sex hormones | Androgens |
| A sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus | Amniotic Sac |
| A membrane that permits the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and her developing child but does not allow the maternal and fetal bloodstreams to mix | Placenta |
| A tube between the mother and her developing child through which nutrients and waste products are conducted | Umbilical Cord |
| The baby from the 3rd month following conception through childbirth, during which time there is maturation of organ systems and dramatic gains in length and weight | Fetal Stage |
| The birth of a dead fetus | Stillbirth |
| Environmental influences or agents that can damage the embryo or fetus | Teratogens |
| In prenatal development, a period during which an embryo is particularly vulnerable to a certain teratogen | Critical Period |
| A sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can attack major organ systems | Syphilis |
| Present at birth; resulting from the prenatal environment | Congenital |
| Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that cripples the body's immune system and leads to the development of AIDS | HIV |
| A viral infection that can cause retardation and heart disease in the embryo; also called German measles | Rubella |
| A life-threatening disease characterized by high blood pressure that can afflict pregnant women | Toxemia |
| Born before the end of the full term of gestation; also referred to as preterm | Premature |
| A condition in which antibodies produced by the mother are transmitted to the child, possibly causing brain damage or death | Rh Incompatibility |
| A sedative linked to birth defects, especially deformed or absent limbs | Thalidomide |
| A hormone used to maintain pregnancy that can cause masculinization of the fetus | Progestin |
| Abbreviation for diethylstilbestrol, an estrogen that has been linked to cancer in the reproductive organs of children of women who used it when pregnant | DES |
| A cluster of symptoms caused by maternal drinking, in which the child shows developmental lags and characteristic facial features such as an underdeveloped upper jaw, flattened nose, and widely spaced eyes | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) |
| A procedure for drawing off and examining fetal cells in the amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders in the fetus | Amniocentesis |
| A procedure for detecting disorders in the fetus based on the obtaining and examining of placental tissue | Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) |
| The pear-shped organ in which the embryo and fetus develop | Uterus |
| A method for generating an image of internals organs or a fetus by "bouncing" sound waves too high in pitch to hear off the organs or fetus | Ultrasound |
| A blood test that detects the presence of spina bifida and related abnormalities in the fetus | Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Assay |
| A simple inborn response to a stimulus | Reflex |
| The turning of an infant's head toward a touch, such as by the mother's nipple | Rooting |
| The amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus | Fixation Time |
| According to Piaget, the inclusion of a new event into an existing schema | Assimilation |
| According to Piaget, a hypothetical mental structure that permits the classification and organization of new information | Schema |
| According to Piaget, the modification of schemas so that information inconsistent with existing schemas can be integrated or understood | Accommodation |
| Recognition that objects removed from sight still exist, as demonstrated in young children by continued pursuit | Object Permanence |
| The first of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, characterized by coordination of sensory information and motor activity, early exploration of the environment, and lack of language | Sensorimotor Stage |
| The second of Piaget's stages, characterized by illogical use of words and symbols, spotty logic, and egocentrism | Preoperational Stage |
| According to Piaget, the assumption that others view the world as one does oneself | Egocentrism |
| The belief that inanimate objects move because of will or spirit | Animism |
| The belief that natural objects have been created by human beings | Artificialism |
| According to Piaget, recognition that basic properties of substances such as weight and mass remain the same when superficial features change | Conservation |
| According to Piaget, to focus one's attention | Center |
| According to Piaget, the assignment of blame according to the amount of damage done rather than the motives of the actor | Objective Responsibility |
| Piaget's third stage, characterized by logical thought concerning tangible objects, conservation, and subjective morality | Concrete-Operational Stage |
| Simultaneous focusing on more than one dimension of a problem so that flexible, reversible though becomes possible | Decentration |
| According to Piaget, moral judgment that is based on the motives of the perpetrator | Subjective Moral Judgment |
| According to Piaget, recognition that processes can be undone, and things can be made as they were | Reversibility |
| Vygotsky's term for the situation in which a child carries out tasks with the help of someone who is more skilled, frequently an adult who represents the culture in which the child develops | Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) |
| Vygotsky's term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help the child as he or she learns to function independently | Scaffolding |
| According to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are based largely on expectation of rewards or punishments | Preconventional Level |
| According to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments largely reflect social conventions; a "law and order" approach to morality | Conventional Level |
| Erikson's first stage of psychosexual development, during which children do - or do not - come to trust the primary caregivers and the environment will meet their needs | Trust vs. Mistrust |
| Erikson's second stage, during which children seek to develop control over physical functions and achieve a sense of independence | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
| Erikson's third stage, during which children begin to assert control over the environment and obtain a sense of purpose; children who try to exert too much power may run afoul of caregivers and develop feelings of guilt | Initiative vs. Guilt |
| The 4th stage in Erikson's theory, in which children confront new academic and social challenges in the school setting, leading successful children to develop a sense of competence, and other children who fall short to develop feelings of inferiority | Industry vs. Inferiority |
| The enduring affectional tie that binds one person to another | Attachment |
| Showing attachment behaviors toward any person | Indiscriminate Attachment |
| The first phase in forming bonds of attachment, characterized by indiscriminate attachment | Initial-Preattachment Phase |
| The second phase in forming bonds of attachment, characterized by preference for familiar figures | Attachment-in-the-Making Phase |
| The third phase in forming bonds of attachment, characterized by intensified dependence on the primary caregiver | Clear-Cut-Attachment Phase |
| A hypothesized primary drive to seek physical comfort through contact with another | Contact Comfort |
| A scientist who studies the characteristic behavior patterns of species of animals | Ethologist |
| In the development of attachment, a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus | Critical Period |
| A process occurring during a critical period in the development of an organism, in which that organism responds to a stimulus in a manner that will afterward be difficult to modify | Imprinting |
| Ability to manipulate one's environment to achieve one's goal | Instrumental Competence |
| Parents who are strict and warm; authoritative parents demand mature behavior but use reason rather than force in discipline | Authoritative Parents |
| Parents who are rigid in their rules and who demand obedience for the sake of obedience | Authoritarian Parents |
| Parents who impose few, if any, rules and who do not supervise their children closely | Permissive Parents |
| Parents who generally leave their children to themselves | Uninvolved Parents |
Created by:
Vanity
Popular Psychology sets