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Ethics midterm 2
2nd ethics midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| spontaneous abortion | occurs when the woman's body naturally rejects the fetus |
| induced abortion | product of deliberate human intervention or intention |
| selective abortion | occurs becuase a woman does not want to have a particular kind of child |
| therapeutic abortion | woman seeks the abortion because she will almost certainly die if she continues the pregnacy or her health will be severely compromised |
| elective abortion | woman may seek an abortion because she does not want to be pregnant now or at all |
| vacuum aspiration(dilation and evactuation) | physician dilates the cervix and inserts a small plastic tube into the uterus to suction out the fetus |
| hysterontomy | used for late term abortions, removes only the fetus from the woman's body |
| hysterectomy | used for late term abortions, removes the woman's uterus as well as fetus from the woman's body |
| fetuses that survive a late term abortions | are given the same care given to any live birth infant |
| partial birth abortion | physician partially delievers the fetus and then punctures the fetus's skull, suctions out the brain, and crushes the fetus's the fetus's skull before completing the abortion procedure |
| oral methods of chemical techniques are used in | first trimester of pregnancy |
| uterine methods of chemical techniques are used in | second trimester of pregnancy |
| emergency contraception | morning after pill-consists in taking a double does of birth-control pills within 72 hours of unprotected sex and then a second, single dose 12 hours later |
| AIH | artificial insemination by husband |
| AID | artificial insemination by donor |
| ICSI | intracytoplasmic sperm injection(single sperm selected from entire sample and injected directly into egg) cost:20,000 per treatment |
| IVF (GIFT and ZIFT) | invitro fertilization |
| GIFT | gamete intrafallopian tube transfer: egg and sperm transferred individually, allowing fertilization to take place inside the body |
| ZIFT | zygot intrafallopian tube transfer: zygote transfered(fertilization has already taken place outside the body ) |
| arguments against Donor Insemination | 1.may jeopardize marital and parental relationships due to decreased role of father, esp. with AID 2. children may suffer psychologically from AID if known3. donor regret 4.unacceptable eugenics purposes5. permits creation of alternative family structures |
| arguments for Donor Insemination | 1.issues in#1and2 above can and should be resolved matter-of-factly and honestly2.#3 can be addressed by balancing knowledge and anonymity on a case-by-case basis3.in answer to#4 above, most couples request genetically similar, not superior, sperm4.for#5, |
| Traditional surrogacy: | surrogate is genetic and gestational mother • Gestational surrogacy: embryo is implanted by IVF, so no genetic link to surrogate (serves as gestational mother only) |
| Commercial surrogacy: | surrogacy arrangement includes financial payment to mother (avg. cost in 2000 was $60,000, with surrogate receiving $20-25,000) |
| “Altruistic” surrogacy: | no payment for surrogate (also called non-commercial or gift surrogacy) |
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