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SC Vocab (9/10)
Science vocab for chapters nine and ten
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the capacity to do work | energy |
| the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion | kinetic energy |
| the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object | potential energy |
| the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies | mechanical energy |
| a change from one form of energy to another | energy conversion |
| a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact | friction |
| the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another | law of conservation of energy |
| a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed | nonrenewable resource |
| a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas | fossil fuel |
| a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed | renewable resource |
| a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object | temperature |
| an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance | thermal expansion |
| the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or -273.16 °C on the Celsius scale) | absolute zero |
| the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures | heat |
| the kinetic energy of a substance's atoms | thermal energy |
| the transfer of energy as heat through a material | thermal conduction |
| a material through which energy can be transferred as heat | thermal conductor |
| a material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat | thermal insulator |
| the movement of matter due to differences in density; the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter | convection |
| the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1 ºC in a specified way given constant pressure and volume | specific heat |
| the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas | states of matter |
| the change of a substance from one physical state to another | change of state |
| a substance that reduces the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound | insulation |
| a machine that transforms heat into mechanical energy, or work | heat engine |
| a temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful effect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life | thermal pollution |
Created by:
Tsarmina
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