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615 -- herbal meds

chocolate -- Herbal medicine review for NAPLEX

QUESTIONANSWER
carcinogenic herbs borage, calamus, coltsfoot, comfrey, life root, sassafras
Hepatotoxic herds chaparral, germander, kava, life root
Chronic HI dose of LICORICE can cause: pseudoaldosteronism
What are the sxs of pseudoaldosteronism? H/A, lethargy, Na & H2O retention, hyPOK+, HBP, HF, cardiac arrest
MA HUANG is unsafe in patients with: HTN, DM, thyroid dz
What herb can be fatal in children? POKEroot: use to treat swollen lymph gland, severe abdomenal ascite, topically used for inflammation/sores/fungus
What is BLACK COHOSH used for? premenstrual symptoms, dysmenorrhea, post-menopausal hot flashes
How is BLACK COHOSH efficacy compared to estrogen therapy? shown to be superior to placebo & comparable to estriol, conjugated estrogen, estrogen-progresteron therapy
Who should not use BLACK COHOSH? pregant, CI to estrogen, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer
What is the recommended length of use for BLACK COHOSH? 6 months
BLACK COHOSH side effects GI upset, wt gain possible, dzz, nausea, H/A, stiffness, trembling limbs
BLACK COHOSH product brand Remifemin
BLACK COHOSH dosage 20mg BID
CHASTE TREE BERRY indictions disorder of menstrual cycle, breast swelling, premenstrual symptoms
CHASTE TREE BERRY mechanism of action binds to DA receptors & inhibits prolactin secretion; increase pituitary gland's production of LH & inhibits FSH
CHASTE TREE BERRY efficacy only 1 double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study
CHASTE TREE BERRY contraindication pregnant & women receving HRT
CHASTE TREE BERRY side effects GI upset, skin rash, increase menstrual flow
CHASTE TREE BERRY recommended dosage 40 drops QD
CRANBERRY indications UTI
CRANBERRY mechanism of action urine acidificationl; inhibits E. coli adherence to epithelial cells of UT, break down to form bacteriostatic hippuric acid
CRANBERRY contraindications BPH, urinary obstruction, nephrolithiasis
CRANBERRY drug interactions INC Vit. B12 absorpion and elimination of renally excreted drugs
CRANBERRY side effects N/V/D, nephrolithiasis
CRANBERRY recommended dosage 300 - 400 mg BID or 8 - 16 oz. 100% cj QD
DONG QUAI indications menstrual disorder, anemia, constipation, insomnia, rheumatism, neuralgia, HTN
DONG QUAI mechanism of action contains 7 derivatives of coumarin (CNS stimulant), inhibits PGE2 release (analgesic, antipyrexic, anti-inflammatory), normalize uterine contraction, antibiotics
DONG QUAI contraindications pregnancy (uterine stimulation), lactation, hemorrhagic dz, diarrhea, hypermenorrhea, colds/flu, allergy to parsley
DONG QUAI drug interaction anticoagulants
DONG QUAI side effects photodermatitis, burping, flatulence, H/A
ECHINACEA indications PO: supportive tx for URT infxn (colds)
ECHINACEA contraindications infectious & autoimmune dz (TB, HIV, lupus, ect.)
ECHINACEA precautions ragweed allergy, pregnancy, children, lactation
ECHINACEA side effects N/V, allergic rxn, anaphylaxis, interfere w/ male fertility
ECHINACEA recommended length of usage < = 2 weeks
FEVERFEW indications migraine prophylaxis
FEVERFEW mechanism of actions inhibits 5HT release
FEVERFEW efficacy DEC. # of h/a, NO change in duration of h/a
FEVERFEW contraindication pregnancy, lactation, < 2y/o
FEVERFEW drug interaction anticoagulants
FEVERFEW side effects GI upset, irration of oral mucosa/tongue, rebounce migraine & muscle stiffness upon d/c
FEVERFEW rec. dosage 125 mg QD
GARLIC indcations hyperlipoproteinemia, arteriosclerosis
GARLIC mechanism of action interfere w/ thromboxane synthesis --> inhibits platelet functions, increase antioxidant enzymes catylase & glutathione peroxidase in blood, inactivates CoA enzyme & HMG-CoA reductase
GARLIC contraindications PUD, GERD
GARLIC precautions pregancy (emmenagogue, abortifacient), lactation, diabetes
GARLIC drug interactions anticoagulants, protease inhibitors (dec. efficacy), antihypertensives, diabetics, amphotericin B (inc. activity)
GARLIC side effects heart burn, flatulence, sweating, lite-headedness, menorrhagia, allergic rxn
GINGER indications dyspepsia, travel-sickness prophylaxis
GINGER mechanism of actions induces saliva & gastric juice production --> increase peristalsis; inhibits thromboxane synthesis
GINGER contraindications gallstone pain, post-operative nasea
GINGER drug interactions antiplatelets, anticoagulants
GINKGO indications cerebral circulatory disturbances (vertigo, tinnitus, weakened memory, mood swing; and peripheral arterial disturbances (intermittent claudication)
GINGKO mechanism of action contains flavonoids providing antioxidant activities; antagonize platelet-activating factors
GINGKO drug interactions antiplatelets, aminoglycosides (inc. ototoxicity), thiazides (inc. BP), trazodone (coma)
GINGKO side effects GI upsets, H/A, dzz, vertigo
ASIAN GINSENG indications energy & concentration & endurance boost
ASIAN GINSENG contraindications pregnancy, children, HTN, psychological imbalances, H/A, heart palpitations, insomnia, asthma, inflammation/infxn w/ high fever, hx of hemorrhage, breast cancers (stimulates breast cancer cells)
ASIAN GINSENG drug interactions phenelzine (hallucination/psychosis), warfarin (dec. INR), stimulants, hypoglycemics, HRT, antihypertensive, cardiac meds
ASIAN GINSENG sidE effects nervousness/excitibility x 1st 4 days, vaginal bleeding, diminished concentration upon proglonged usage, HTN, insomnia, edema, skin eruptions, diarrhea
SIBERIAN GINSENG indication energy/concentration/endurance booster
SIBERIAN GINSENG mechanism of actions stimulate hypthalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex
SIBERIAN GINSENG efficacy no difference than placebo
SIBERIAN GINSENG contraindication HTN, febrile, hypertonic crisis, MI, hemorrhage, uncontrolled DM
SIBERIAN GINSENG drug interactions INC. dig, diabetic agents (hypoglycemia), anticoagulants
SIBERIAN GINSENG side effects mild diarrhea, insomnia, lower blood glucose
KAVA indications insomnia, nervousness
KAVA contraindications depression (inc. suicide), pregnancy, lactation, children
KAVA rec. duration of usage < 3 months
KAVA drug interactions barbituates, benzo, opiates, antidepressants, anxiolytics, ethOH --> inc. CNS suppressant MAOI --> inc. effect antiplatelets --> inc. bleeding levodopa --> dec. effect
KAVA side effects hepatoxicity, yellowing skin/nails/hair, dermopathy, GI upsets, visual disturbances, morning fatique, neurological problems
MILK THISTLE indications chronic inflammatory liver conditions & cirrhosis
MILK THISTLE mechanism of action alters the outer liver membrane cell structure
MILK THISTLE side effects diarrhea & rash
SAW PALMETTO indications BPH
SAW PALMETTO mechanism of action inhibits testosterone-5-alpha-reductase that convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
SAW PALMETTO contraindication pregnancy, chilren
SAW PALMETTO side effects intraoperative hemorrhage, H/A, stomach upset
ST. JOHN's WORT indication mild anxiety & depression
ST JOHN'S WORT mechanism of actions MAOI, SSRI, GABA reuptake inhibitor
ST. JOHN'SWORT precautions pregnancy, tyramine-containing food, prolonged sun exposure
ST. JOHN'S WORT drug interactions CYP 2c9, 3a4, 1a2; SSRI, SNRI, MAOI --> serotonin syndrome Antiviral, cyclosproine, dig, theophylline, OC, irinotecan, warfarin --> decrease effect
ST. JOHN'S WORT side effects photodermatitis, GI irriations, tiredness, restlessness, allergic rxn
VALERIAN indications sleeping probs
VALERIAN drug interactions barbi, benzo, optiates, ethOH, sedatives --> increase effect
VALERIAN side effects H/A, hangover, excitability, insomnia, uneasiness, cardiac disturbances
CHONDROINTIN NON-approved indication tx of osteoarthritis
CHONDROINTIN mechanism of action concentrates in cartilage to be used to make new cartilagenous matrix and increase production of collagens
CHONDROINTIN contraindications bleeding dx, allergic to beef
CHONDROITIN drug interaction heparin
CHONDROITIN side effects nausea, epigastric pain, headache
CHONDROITIN rec. dosage 400mg TID
COENZYME Q10 NON-approved indications CHF, HTN, stable agina, ventricular arrhythmias, cancer, heart surgery, periodontal disease
CO-Q10 mechanism of action antioxidant, predominant role in synthesis of ATP (needed for muscle contraction/relaxation)
CO-Q10 contraindications biliary obstruction, DM (hypoglycemia), hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency
CO-Q10 drug interaction hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic agents
CO-Q10 dosage 100mg QD (max 600mg QD)
GLUCOSAMINE non-approved indication osteoarthritis
GLUCOSAMINE mechanism of action enhances cartilage proteoglycan synthesis, inhibits the deterioration of cartilage 2nd to osteoarthritis
GLUCOSAMINE contraindications allergic to shellfish, DM (impaired insulin secretion)
GLUCOSAMINE drug interactions prozac, DM meds
GLUCOSAMINE side effect GI upset, heartburn, diarrhea, nausea, drowsiness, h/a, insomnia
GLUCOSAMINE side effects GI upsets, heartburn, diarrhea, nausea, drowsiness, h/a, insomnia
GLUCOSAMINE rec. dose 500 mg TID
MELATONIN orphan drug indcation tx of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in blind people
MELATONIN nonapproved indication jet lag, insomnia, depression, cancer
MELATONIN mechanism of action is a hormone made fr. serotonin from pineal gland --> controls periods of sleepiness & wakefulness
MELATONIN contraindications pregnancy, depression, seizures
MELATONIN drug interactions MAOI, SSRI --> inc. [melatonin] low Vit. B12 --> low melatonin secretion betablocker --> dec. nocturnal release of melatonin
MELATONIN side effects drowsiness, daytime fatique, h/a, depression
MELATONIN rec. dosage 0.3 to 5mg hs
Created by: chocolate615
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