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Chapter 8-Intelligen
Chapter 8 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the enviorment | Intelligence |
| A general ability factor or core of general intellectual ablity that involves reasoning, problem solving abilitym knowledge,memory, and successful adaption to on'es surrounding | g-factor |
| Intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures, and other nonverbal tasks. | Performance intelligence |
| Intellience measured by answering questions involving vocabulary, general information, arithmetic, and other language- or symbol oriented tasks. | Verbal Intelligence |
| The average mental ability people display at a given age | mental age |
| A person's age in years | Chrological age |
| An index of intelligence defined as a person's mental age divided by his or her chrnological age and multiplied by two. | Intelligence quotient(IQ) |
| An IQ obtained statiscially from a persons relative standing in his or her age group; that is, how far above or below average the person's score was relative to other scores | Deviation IQ |
| Any artificial system that is capable of human-like problem solving or intelligent responding | Artifical Intelligence(AI) |
| Either the possession of high IQ or special talents or aptitudes. | Giftedness |
| A bell shaped curve characterized by a large number of scores in a middle area, tapering to very few extremly high and low scores | Normal curve |
| The presence of a developmental disability, a formal IQ score below 70, or a significant impairment of adaptive behavior | intellectual disability(fromerly mental retardation. |
| At test(such as an intelligence test) designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others. | Culture- fair test |
| The process of thinking or metaly prcessing information | Cognition |
| Howard Gardner's theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability | Multiple intelligences |
| Most often, a mental rerpesentaion that has a picture-like qualities; an icon | Image |
| A comparison of the characteristics of twins who were raised together or sperated at birth; used to identify the relative impact of heredity and enviorment | twin study |
| An idea representing a cateory of related objects or events. | Concept |
| The process of thinking or metaly prcessing information | Cognition |
| Most often, a mental rerpesentaion that has a picture-like qualities; an icon | Image |
| An idea representing a cateory of related objects or events. | Concept |
| words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication | Language |
| The process of classifying information into meaningful categories. | concept formation |
| A concept defined by the realtionship between features of an object or between an object and its surroundings | Relational concept |
| A formal rule for deciding if an object or event is an example of a particular concept | Conceptual rule |
| A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features | Disjunctive concept |
| A class of objects that havve two or more features in common. | Conjunctive concept |
| An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept | Prototype |
| A concept defined by the realtionship between features of an object or between an object and its surroundings | Relational concept |
| The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept. | Denotative meaning |
| A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features | Disjunctive concept |
| the subjective, personal, or emtional meaning of a word or concept. | Connotativve meaning |
| An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept | Prototype |
| The study of meaning in words and language | Semantics |
| The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept. | Denotative meaning |
| The basic speech sounds of language. | Phonemes |
| the subjective, personal, or emtional meaning of a word or concept. | Connotativve meaning |
| The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words | Morphemes |
| The study of meaning in words and language | Semantics |
| A set of rules for comining language units into meaningful speech or writing | Grammar |
| The basic speech sounds of language. | Phonemes |
| Rules for ordering words when forming sentences | Syntax |
| The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words | Morphemes |
| Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms | Transformation rules |
| A set of rules for comining language units into meaningful speech or writing | Grammar |
| A problem solution achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules | Mechanical solution |
| Rules for ordering words when forming sentences | Syntax |
| A learned set of rules that always leads to the correct soulution of a problem. | Algorithm |
| Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms | Transformation rules |
| In problem solving, a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem. | Understanding |
| A problem solution achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules | Mechanical solution |
| A solution that correctly states the requirements for a success but not in enough detail for further action. | General Solution |
| A learned set of rules that always leads to the correct soulution of a problem. | Algorithm |
| A detailed, pratical, and workable solution. | Functional solution |
| In problem solving, a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem. | Understanding |
| Trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random order | random search strategy |
| A solution that correctly states the requirements for a success but not in enough detail for further action. | General Solution |
| Any strategy or techinque that aids problem solving, especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried. | Heuristic |
| A detailed, pratical, and workable solution. | Functional solution |
| A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious. | Insight |
| Trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random order | random search strategy |
| the tendency to repeat | |
| Any strategy or techinque that aids problem solving, especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried. | Heuristic |
| A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious. | Insight |
| the tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives. | Fixation |
| A rigity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects. | Functional Fixedness |
| Thinking in which a general rule or principle is gathered from a series of specific examples | Inductive thought |
| thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations | Deductive thought |
| Drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning. | Logical thought |
| Thought that is intuitive, hapharzard, or irrational | Illogical thought |
| In tests of creativity, fluency refers to the total number of solutions produced. | Fluency |
| In tests of creativity, flexibility is indicated by the number of different types of solutions produced. | Flexibility |
| In thests of creativity, orginallity refers to how novel or unusual solutions are. | Originalit |
| Thinkin directed toward discovery of a single established correct answer;conventional thinking | Convergent thinking |
| thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives; a major elemnt in orgianl or creative thought. | Divergent thinking |
| Quic, impulsive thought that does not make use of formal logic or clear reasoning | intutition |
| A tendency to select wrong answers becausey they seem to math pre-exsiting mental catagories | Representativness heuristic |
| The basic rate at which an event occurs ovver time; the basic probability of an event | Base rate |
| In thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured. | Framing |
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jazzdurant
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