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psy
ch1-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental process |
| mind | mental processes and our subject experiences |
| science | the operation of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through the scientific method |
| empiricism | the therory of knowledge that assumes that knowledge should be based on observation. |
| pseudoscience | information that appears scientific but is based on unsound scientific principles |
| philosophy | study of knowledge and exsistance |
| physiology | a branch of biology that studies internal biological processes |
| structuralism | the school of psyc that studies human experience by breaking it down into smaller pieces |
| introspection | examine ones own mental process |
| ancedotal evidence | a type of information that relies on unscientific observation |
| functionalism | school of psyc concerned with the purposes of behavior and mental process |
| eclectic model | an approch that pulls together multiple ways of examining a particular problem or question |
| biopsychosocial approach | theory recognizing three equally important aspects of human mental processes and behavior:biological, psychological, and social |
| levels of analysis | various ways of examining the same phenomenon |
| neuroscience | the study of the brain and nervous system, also called biological psychology |
| positron emission tomography PET | neuroscience imaging technique that uses radioactive glucose to indicate the areas of activity |
| functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI | neuroscience imaging technique used to measure changes in blood flow |
| evolutionary psychology | a branch of psychology that examines the impact of natural selection on behavioral and mental processes |
| natural selection | varying success in reproduction resulting from the interaction of an organism with the environment |
| heritability | how much of a characteristic can be linked to genetics as opposed to the environment |
| psychoanalytical theory | a family of theories originated by freud that focuses on unconscious motivation |
| unconscious | according to freud thoughts memories feelings and wishes that reside outside of awareness |
| basic research | a type of research concerned with expanding knowledge, even if the knowledge has no practical application |
| applied research | a type of research concerned with solving everyday problems |
| empirical | research studies that gain information by carefully collecting observations & data |
| psychological science | research conducted on topics in the field of psychology |
| theory | overarching conception about how variables may cause behavior |
| hypothesis | a clear statement that can be shown to be true or false in an experiment |
| participant | a volunteer who agrees to take part in research studies also called a subject |
| journal | a publication containing articles written by scientists that are reviewed before publication by a group of peers |
| between subjects design | research plan which different people take part in differing aspects of the study and the different groups are compared |
| within subjects design | a research plan in which each subject takes part in every aspect of the study |
| reactivity | unintentionally altering natural behavior by attempting to measure it |
| replicable | results from a research study that appears the same when the study is repeated. |
| reliability | the consistency of the results when similar studies are performed |
| validity | the degree to which a research experiment captures what it claims to study |
| deception | to actively provide false info to participant |
| debriefing | the process by which any deception used by researchers is fully disclosed to participants at the end of a study |
| Semantic memory | memory for the meaning of material |
| concept | a building block or basic unit of knowledge |
| category | a cluster of similar concepts |
| conceptual hierarchy | organization of related concepts into levels of categories |
| semantic network model | organization of information that captures meaningful relationships between concepts |
| spreading activation | the links between concepts in memory help to access one given another |
| connectionist models | memory theories that capture the distributed interconnections between concepts |
| schema | organizer for information about events, people, and groups. |
| episodic memory | recall of your own personal experiences |
| flashbulb memory | an emotional or vivid event that appears to be well remembered |
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