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Pharm1152 Vit/Min/Sp
Vitamins, Minerals, Supplements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | A,D,E and K |
| Source of fat soluble vitamins | plants/animals |
| Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? | liver and fatty tissues |
| Where are fat soluble vitamins excreted? | Feces |
| Water Soluble Vitamins | B-Complex and C |
| If these vitamins are not taken in daily, a deficiency results | Water Soluble |
| RDAs (Recommended Daily Allowances) | Minimum nutrient requirements |
| DRIs (Daily Reference Intakes) | Optimal nutrient amounts for good health |
| Vitamin A mechanism of action | Vision, G&D of bones & teeth,reproduction, mucosal & epithelial integrity, cholesterol & steroid synthesis |
| Vitamin A toxicty | Irritability, drowsiness, vertigo, S&S of increased intracranial pressure in infants, redness& peeling of skin |
| Indications of Vitamin A | Infants, pregnancy or nursing women, treatment of acne,psoriasis |
| Vitamin D AKA ? | Sunshine Vitamin |
| Vitamin D mechanism of action | Regulates absorption/use of calcium and phosphorus, neccessary for calcification of bone and regulates serum calcium levels |
| Vitamin D Indications | Treatment of Rickets, Hypocalemia, hypophospatemia, osteoporosis |
| Ricket's disease | Vit D deficiency- causes soft,pliale bones; bowlegs & knock knees and oth S |
| Vitamin E mechanism of action | Powerful biologic antioxidant; hinder deterioration of Vit A & Vit C that are highly oxygen sensitive/readily oxidized |
| Vitamin E indications | Antioxidant; prevention formation of toxic chemical in body |
| Vitamin K is the antedote for ? | bleeding excessivley (Warfarin) |
| Vitamin K mechanism of action | essential for blood coagulation factors (II,VII,IX,& X)in liver |
| Vitamin K indications | inadequate dietary intake (rare) Malabsorptive states, administration of broad spectrum antibiotics |
| Vitamin K is given to ? for malabsorption | newborns |
| Vitamin B1 AKA | Thiamine |
| Vitamin B1 deficiency | Beriberi |
| Vitamin B1 mechanism of action | essential for CHO metabolism, Kreb's Cycle and oth metabolic pathways |
| Vitamin B1 indications | Beriberi, Wernickes encephalopathy (cerebral Beriberi), Neuriti assoc with pellagra and pregnancy, malabsorption associated with cirrhosis, alcoholism & GI disease |
| what is pellagra | niacin deficiency |
| Vitamin B2 AKA | Riboflavin |
| Vitamin B2 mechanism of action | Converts into enzymes needed for tissue respiration, activates B6, converts tryptophan into niacin, needed for erythroctye integrity |
| Indications of Vitamin B2 | Treatment of deficiency (cutaneous,oral & corneal changes)Microcytic anemia, acne, migraines |
| Adverse effects of Vitamin B2 | Changes urine yellow-orange in large doses |
| Vitamin B3 AKA | Niacin |
| Vitamin B3 mechanism of action | converts to 2 coenzymes required for glycogenolysis (breakdown of store glycogen into usable glucose)and lipid, protein and purine metabolism |
| Indications of Vit B3 | Prevention and treatment of pellagra, management of hyperlipidemia and positive effect in PVD |
| Contraindications of Vit B3 | Liver disease, severe hypotension, arterial hemorrhage & PUD |
| Adverse effects of Vit B3 | Flushing, pruritus and GI distress; often subside when discontinued |
| Vitamin B6 AKA | Pyridoxine |
| Vitamin B6 deficiency | types of anemias, neurologic disturbances, skin and mucosa changes, etc |
| Vitamin B6 mechanism of action | needed for protein, lipid, CHO utilization, conversion of tryptophan to niacin, needed for integrity of peripheral nerves, skin, muscoa, hematopoietic system |
| Vitamin B6 indications | treatment of deficient caused by Isonazid (TB med) hydralazine (HTN med) and oral contraceptives- Can help with seizures, morning sickness |
| Vitamin B6 toxicity | Only with large doses= neurotoxicity |
| Vitamin B12 AKA | Cyanocobalamin |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | GI lesions, neurologic changes |
| Major cause of Vit B12 deficiency | Malabsorption |
| Vitamin B12 mechanism of action | Synthesized in body for Fat, CHO & protein synthesis, growth, cell replication, hematopoeisis and myelin synthesis |
| Vitamin B12 indications | treatment of deficiency; pernicious anemia (lack of intrinsic factor) |
| Contraindications of Vitamin B12 | Cobalt, Leber's disease (hereditary optic nerve atrophy) |
| Vitamin C AKA | Ascorbic acid |
| Vitamin C deficiency | scurvy (weakness, edema, gingivitis & bleeding gums, tooth loss, anemia, delayed healing of bones and tissues, etc) Sailors! |
| Vit C mechanism of action | Involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, collagen synthesis, maintenance of connective tissue, bone, teeth and capillaries, folic acid metab, erythropoiesis |
| Vit C indications | Treatment of deficiency, benefit for pregnancy, lactation, fever, stress, infcection, skin issues, colds, etc |
| Adverse effects of Vit C | Large doses can cause N/V, HA, cramping, urine acidity, renal stones. can interfere with PCN G, erythromycin,; can enhance or delay excretion of acidic drugs |
| Vitamin C + Zinc help with.... | healing |
| Calcium | most abundant mineral, high conc in bones and teeth |
| What facilitates calcium's absorption? | Vit D |
| Calcium deficiency | Ricket's, osteoporosis, etc |
| Calcium mechanism of action | needed for nervous, muscular, skeletal systems, cell membranes and capillary permeability, enzymatic reactions- nutritional supplement |
| Indications of calcium | Treatment of conditions assoc with calcium deficiency |
| Calcium contraindications | allergy, hypercalcemia, ventricular fib |
| Calcium toxicity | long-term excessive use can lead to cardiac irregularities, dilirium, coma |
| Magnesium is reponsible for ? | Muscle contractions |
| Magnesium | one of the principle cations of intracellular fluid |
| Magnesium mechanism of action | Needed for enzyme system assoc with energy metabolism, nerve physiology, and muscular contraction |
| Magnesium indications | treatment of deficiency, complications of pregnancy, inhibition of contractions, cardiac dysrhythmias,constipation |
| Magnesium contraindications | allergy to magnesium, heart block, renal failure, Addison's disease (adrenal gland failure), hepatitis |
| Magnesium adverse effects | Loss of tension, relfex, difficult BMs, CNS depression, resp distress, heart block, hypothermia |
| Phosphorus deficiency | can occur w/malabsorption, excessive diarrhea or vomiting, hyperthyroidis, long term use of aluminumor calcium antacids, liver disease |
| Phosphorus mechanism of action | required for synthesis of essential body chemicals; building block for body structures |
| Phosphorus indications | deficiency of phosphorus, nutritional supplement |
| Phosophorus contraindications | hyperphosphatemia and hyopcalemia |
| phosphorus adverse effects | N/V/D confusion, weakness, breathing difficulties; antacids can reduce the absorption of phosphorus |
| Zinc | healing growth and repair |
| Zinc mechanism of action | essential protein and CHO metabolic reactions; important for normal tissue growth & repair and wound repair |
| Enteral nutrition- what to do when diarrhea occurs? | break down, 1/2 strength until body adjusts |
| Enteral nutrition mechanism of action | formulas used provide basics for anabolism (tissue building) |
| Dumping syndrome | secondary to rapid or bolus feeding |
| Peripheral parental nutrition | arm/other for those unable to tolerate oral or enteral intake; temp method (less than 2 weeks) |
| Central parental nutrition | Central circulation for those unable to tolerate oral or enteral intake; potential for infection |
| Which lab needs to be checked every 6hrs with a Central line? | Glucose |
Created by:
aponton5
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