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radiation terms
medical terminology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| petechiae | collection of blood smaller than 3cm |
| laceration | cut |
| fissure | deep furrow |
| contusion | bruise |
| cyto/o | cell |
| lip/o | fat (tumor) |
| adip/o | fat (tissue) |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| biopsy | sample of |
| trich/o | hair |
| pil/o | hair |
| scler/o | hard |
| necr/o | death |
| xer/o | dry |
| myc/o | fungating |
| kerat/o | hardening |
| subcutaneous layer | holds vessels |
| dermis | basement membrane (connective tissue) |
| epidermis | outer layer (squamous or basal) majority of tumors arise here |
| onych/o | nail |
| erg/o | working |
| aer/o | air |
| thec/o | membrane sheath (brain, spinal cord) |
| contra | against |
| anti | against |
| -lytic | split/separate/reduce down |
| -phylaxis | protection |
| narc/o | stupor/ sleepiness |
| Iatr/o | coming from treatment/physician |
| Idi/o | myself |
| pyr/o | fever inducing |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| -static | to stop |
| -cidal | killing |
| vit/o | life |
| hist/o | tissue |
| vas/o | vessel |
| alesi/o | sensitivity to pain |
| esthesi/o | feeling/ sensation |
| ven/o | vein |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| lingu/o | tounge |
| toxic/o | toxic |
| chem/o | chemical/drug |
| pharmac/o | drug |
| diuretic | fluid loss/ increases urine production |
| anaphylaxis | hypersensitive reaction to a drug or treatment |
| contraindications | factor that prevents patient from having a particular drug |
| estrogen | female sex hormone |
| narcotic | relieves pain |
| hypnotic | produces sleep |
| glucocorticoids | hormones( from adrenal glands)-can be given raises blood sugar |
| emetic | brings on vomiting |
| androgen | male sex hormone- suppresses prostate |
| sedative | mild hypnotic |
| myring/o | ear drum |
| blemphar/o | eyelid |
| acous/o | hearing |
| retin/o | retina |
| ot/o | ear |
| opthalm/o | eye |
| ocul/o | eye |
| calc/o | calcium |
| adren/o | adrenal glands |
| scler/o | sclara of the eye |
| thyroid/o | thyroid |
| thym/o | thymus |
| hydr/o | water |
| myxedema | hyperthyroidism- adults creatnism- kids |
| gigantism | excessive growth hormone |
| exophalthmos | bulging outward of the eye (proptosis) |
| my/o | muscle |
| myel/o | bone marrow/ spinal cord |
| crani/o | skull |
| cost/o | cartilage |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| cervico/o | cervix |
| vertebr/o | vertebrae |
| thorac/o | thoracic |
| tend/o | tendon |
| pelv/l | pelvis |
| oste/o | bone |
| men/o | monthly |
| mast/o | breast |
| mamm/o | breast |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| gynec/o | reproductive |
| vagin/o | vagina |
| colp/o | opening to cervix |
| orchi/o | testicles |
| salping/o | fallopian tubes |
| Oophor/o | ovaries |
| test/o | testicle |
| orchid/o | testicles |
| crpytorchidism | UN-descended testicle |
| benign prostate hypertrophy | BPH --> mimmicks prostate cancer (prostate enlarges) |
| endometriosis | cells from lining of uterus grow in other areas of the body |
| ectopic pregnancy | implantation outside the fallopian tubes |
| urin/o | urine |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| ren/o | kidneys |
| nephr/o | kidneys |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| py/o | puss |
| noct/o | night |
| lith/o | stone |
| hemat/o | blood |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
| append/o | appendix |
| uremia | renal failure (buildup of urine in blood) |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| enter/o | small bowel |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| dent/o | teeth |
| colon/o | colon |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| lapar/o | flank |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| jejun/o | jejunum (small bowel) |
| ile/o | ileum (small bowel) |
| hepat/o | liver |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticulum |
| emesis | vomit |
| cirrhosis | inflammation of the liver |
| ascities | fluid buildup within abdomen (women with ovarian cancer) |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | rectum |
| proct/o | rectum |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| diverticulum | out-pouching of a hollow (or fluid filled) structure in the body |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| neur/o | nerve |
| myel/o | spinal cord/ bone marrow |
| mening/o | lining of the brain |
| enceph/o | brain |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CSF | cerebral spinal fluid |
| epilepsy | recurring seizures |
| sciatica | prostate cancer treatment |
| MS | multiple sclorosis |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| EEG | electro encephalogram |
| Ecchymosis | collection of blood larger than 3mm |
| cyst | pocket of fluid |
| cellulitis | wide spread cellular inflammation |
| alopecia | hair loss |
| abrasion | scratch |
| vesicle | blister- (serous fluid) |
| pustule | contains pus |
| papule | pimple- (elevation) |
| or/o | mouth |
| naso/o | nose |
| rhin/o | nose |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| stomat/o | opening/ a hole |
| pneum/o | lungs (air in lungs) |
| pleur/o | lungs |
| hemothroax | blood in thoracic cavity/ lining of lungs |
| orth/o | straightening |
| muc/o | mucous |
| trache/o | trachea |
| thorac/o | chest |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| embolus | traveling clot |
| aneuyrism | outpouching/ weakening |
| pleural effusion | buildup within plueral cavity |
| orthopnea | difficulty breathing while laying flat |
| pneumothorax | air- fluid in cavity |
| stridor | difficulty breathing/ cant catch breath lungs aren't expanding |
| aort/o | vessel |
| vas/o | vessel |
| angi/o | vessel |
| aden/o | glandular |
| lymphoma | malignancy of lymphatics |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack |
| ischemia | narrowing of artery |
| hem/o | blood |
| cardi/o | heart |
| ather/o | plaque |
| arteri/o | artery |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| sangui/o | blood |
| adren/o | adrenals |
| hemat/o | blood |
| cerebr/o | brain |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| thromb/o | clot |
| splen/o | spleen |
| phleb/o | vein |
| characteristics of a malignant neoplasm | undifferentiated unencapsulated metastatic rapidly multiplying invasive + infiltrative anaplastic (don't have shape) finger-like projections |
| anaplasia | reverted back to primal state- lacking form or shape (stem cell) |
| dysplasia | abnormal look to it doesn't mean cancer |
| metaplasia | changing from one cell type to another doesn't mean cancer |
| hyperplasia | increase in size because of increase in cell # |
| cumulation | toxicity of drug increases with each dose you take |
| tolerance | increased uptake of that drug causes you to build a resistance to it |
| idiosyncracy | any unexpected effect from a drug |
| characteristics of a benign neoplasm | well differentiated (specialized, grown up) encapsulated (enclosed by a membrane) slow growing non invasive non metastatic |
| complication | something unexpected occured |
| potentiation (synergism) | mix 2 drugs and by mixing them they act upon each other to increase their efficiency (more than if used alone) |
| additive | putting 2 drugs together- doesn't cause a greater effect- same affect as sum of both drugs |
| chemotherapy | use of drugs in treatment of cancer and infectious disease |
| toxicology | study of harmful effects of drugs on the body |
| side effect | expected occurrence of a drug |
| midsagittal | equally left and right |
| parasagittal | anywhere left and right |
| medicinal chemistry | new drug synthesis |
| pharmacodynamics | drug effects on the body |
| pharmacokinetics | drug concentration in tissues and blood measured over a period of time |
| molecular pharmacology | interaction of drugs and components inside cell or cell surface |
| trendelenburg | heads lower than feet |
| decubitis | laying on back |
| erect | standing upright |
| coronal | split -> front and back |
| sagittal | split -> left and right |
| transverse | cut into body (axial) |
| longitudinal | coronal or sagittal |
| anterior | top of surface |
| posterior | bottom of surface |
| recumbent | to lay down |
| supine | on back, face up |
| prone | on belly, face down |
| proximal | (use with extremities) further away from trunk |
| inferior | towards feet |
| superior | towards head |
| caudal | inferior-- towards feet |
| cephalic | superior-- towards head |
| proximal | (use with extremities) closer to trunk |
| organs | group of tissues with same function |
| systems | group of organs working together |
| spine sections + amounts | cervical- 7 thoracic- 12 lumbar- 5 saccrum- 3-5 fused |
| lateral | outward from midline |
| medial | midline |
| primary language sources for radiation therapy | * Greek * Latin |
| secondary language sources for radiation therapy | * English * French * German * other |
| cells | smallest substance in body able to live on its own |
| tissues | group of cells with same function |
| transhepatic | involving direct injection (as of a radiopaque medium) into the bile ducts |
| hypogastric | inferior to stomach |
| endocrine glands | glands that secrete hormones into blood stream |
| exocrime glands | glands of external secretion |
| endocrinology | study of glands that secrete hormones |
| psychiatry | treatment of the mind |
| pathology | study of disease |
| cardiology | study of the heart |
| cerebrovascular accident | stroke |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| neurology | study of the nerves |
| pediatrics | study of children |
| radiology | study of x-rays and diagnostic imaging |
| opthalmology | study of the eyes |
| gateroenterology | study of the stomach and intestines |
| -cyte | cell |
| urology | study of the urinary tract |
| gynecology | study of women and women's diseases |
| hematology | study of the blood |
| oncology | study of tumors |
| nephrology | study of the kidneys |
| -scope | instrument to visually examine |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -ectomy | removal/ excision/ resection |
| -genic | pertaining to/ produced by |
| -pathy | disease condition |
| -tomy | incision/ cutting into |
| -itis | inflammation |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor of connective tissue or non-epithelial tissue |
| -algia | pain |
| -ion | process |
| -emia | into the blood |
| -gram | record |
| thrombocyte | platlet: tiny bits of protoplasm found in the vertebrae blood: essential for blood clotting |
| renal | of or relating to the kidneys |
| nephrectomy | surgical removal of one or both kidneys |
| osteotomy | surgical cutting of bone or removal of a piece of bone |
| resection | surgical removal of a part or structure of an organ |
| carcinogenic | having potential to cause cancer |
| thromb/o | clotting |
| onc/o | tumor |
| opthalamoscopy | instrument to examine the eye |
| oncology | study and treatment of tumors |
| osteitis | inflammation of the substance of a bone |
| psychosis | severe metal disorder in which though + emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality |
| psych/o | mind |
| ur/o | urinary tract |
| oste/o | bone |
| radi/o | x-ray |
| ren/o | kidney |
| path/o | disease |
| opthalm/o | eye |
| sect/o | to cut |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| nephorology | study of kidneys |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| hematoma | mass of blood |
| bioposy | process of viewing living tissue |
| neuopathy | pain on nerves |
| opthalmoscopy | visual examining of the eye |
| enteritis | inflammation of the small intestine |
| arthroscopy | minimally invasive surgery to repair a damaged joint |
| cytology | branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of cells |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| Iatrogenic | coming from treatment or physician |
| cardiology | branch of medicine that deals with disease and abnormalities of the heart |
| electroencephalogram | test or record of brain activity produced by electroencephalography |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| biopsy | examination of tissue removed from the living body to discover the presence, cause or extent of disease |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland or lymph node |
| cephalic | of, or relating to the head |
| carcinoma | cancer arising from epithelial tissue of skin or the lining of internal organs |
| cytoscopy | endoscopy of bladder via the urethra |
| electrocardiogram | EEG-- record or display of a persons heartbeat produced by electrocadiography |
| -ic | of the kind of, having the characteristic of, pertaining to |
| -al | of the kind of, having the characteristic of, pertaining to |
| -scopy | observation or visual examination |
| -oma | tumor |
| cerebral | of the cerebrum of the brain |
| enceohal/o | brain |
| arthr/o | joint |
| electr/o | electric |
| -opsy | medical examination |
| -logy | science or study of |
| -gram | write or record |
| -itis | inflammation |
| bi/o | life |
| cerebr/o | brain or spinal cord |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| cephal/o | head |
| root of a word | foundation of a word |
| suffix of a word | word ending |
| prefix of a word | word beginning |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| aden/o | gland |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| purgative | strong cathardic |
| barbituate | sedative/ hypnotic |
| antihistamine | blocks histamine production |
| antidote | combats unwanted side effects from a drug |
| antiarrythymic | any drug impacting rhythm of heart |
| cathartic | relieves constipation |
| cadiotonic | promotes efficiency of heart |
| beta-blockers | blocks epinephrine in muscle of heart |
| VPB (chemotherapy regiment) | * vinblastine * cisplatin * bleomyclin |
| *CMF (chemotherapy regiment) | * cytoxin * methotrexate * 5-FU |
| COP (chemotherapy regiment) | * Cytoxin * oncovin * prednisone |
| POMP (chemotherapy regiment) | * prednisone * oncovin * methotrexate * 6- mercaptopurine |
| *MOPP (chemotherapy regiment) | * meclorthamine (nitrogen mustard) * oncovin * prednisone * procarbozine |
| papillary | forming finger-like projections/ nipple like (bladder) |
| verrucous | wart-like in appearance |
| pleomorphic | composed of many cell types (mixed cell tumors) |
| nodular | cells tightly packed together |
| antimetabolite | (example of a cytotoxic agent) * stops enzyme production |
| medullary | large, fleshy-like tumor |
| serous | filled with serous fluid (blister) |
| mucinous | filled with mucous |
| bone marrow aspiration | to remove bone marrow wither for testing or to be replaced (taken from iliac crest) |
| endoscopic resection | going in with an endoscope and taking a sample out |
| lapartomy | opening up abdomen (second look procedure) |
| lumbar puncture | removing spinal fluid from subarachnoid space |
| cytotoxic agent | any agent that's cell killing |
| alkylating agents | (example of cytotoxic agent) destroys DNA molecule most toxic for chemo (GI issues + hair loss) |
| scirrhous | hard, densely packed tissue |
| spontaneous regression | revert back to normal |
| cytological examination | looking at cells under microscope |
| serology | scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids |
| alpha-fetoprotein | AFP- liver-germ cell (plasma protein) |
| carcinoembryonic antigen test | CEA- serology study |
| latent period | period of time from when exposed to substance or agent until disease or cancer arises |
| muticentric | having many centers; characteristic of malignancy |
| remission | to abate; symptoms stop |
| carcinogenic | anything the creates/ causes cancer |
| differentiation | process by which stem cells grow up to be adult cells |
| disseminated | to spread- metastisize |
| dormant | currently not active |
| in situ | hasn't penetrated the basement membrane (To for TNM system) |
| abdominal bath | specific way to irradiate the abdomen using a radionuclide * gas *liquid (usually) -> phosphorus 32 |
| Arc rotation | treatment with beam on while the gantry rotates around patient * 360 degrees * 120 degrees |
| astrocytoma (glial cells) | brain tumor. most commonly for a primary. grows rapidly, so treat with surgery 1st. patient is also on steroids. true multi-modality treatment. |
| attenuation | absorbing ability of a material |
| transmission/penetration | ability of beam to travel through something |
| bite block | head and neck immobilization |
| bolus | tissue equivalent (same atomic #) * fill a deficient/divet to make flat surface * to bring beam anterior |
| cerrobend (lipowitz metal) | lead alloy consisting of: bismuth, lead, tin, cadium |
| custom blocks (divergent blocks) | must attenuate 95% of beam |
| field (aka port) | area of treatment |
| hyperthermia | use of heat to treat/ablait it * ultrasound * hot water bath |
| immobilization devices | any device that assists patient in holding a position |
| isocenter (100 SAD) | center of treatment and machine rotation |
| isodose curves | lines of equal percentage |
| kaposi's sarcoma | malignancy associated with HIV virus (connective tissue cancer) |
| keloid | benign scar tissue |
| lasers | used for patient positioning and setup |
| separation | inter-field distance (thickness) can tell you SSD if at midpoint |
| wedges | alter beam and dose distribution; flatter inhomogenous surface thick end- heel thin end- toe |
| weighting | radiation dose delivery- way to alter dose- don't have to equal distribution for each angle |
| NED | no evidence of disease |
| split course | rest period can be planned or unplanned |
| roentgen | ionizations in air(R) |
| RAD | radiation absorbed dose si unit: Cgy |
| REM | radiaiton equivalent man--radiation protection |
| curie | radioactivity--brachytherapy |
| axilla | latin for armpit |
| bleopharo, bleophar | eyelid or eyelash |
| bucca | latin for cheek |
| canthus | angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids |
| cephalo | relating to the head |
| cervix | latin for neck or neck-like part |
| cheilo | greek for lip |
| corium | latin for true skin |
| cubitus | latin for elbow, but mainly used to refer to forearm |
| cutis | latin for skin |
| dorsum | latin for back |
| gingiva | gum |
| glosso | tongue |
| inguen | latin for groin |
| labio | lip, especially lip of mouth |
| laparo | loin or flank, sometimes used loosely to refer to abdomen |
| latus, latero | latin for side |
| lingua | latin for tongue |
| mamma | latin for breast, or mammary gland |
| masto, mast | breast |
| naris | latin for one of the openings to the nasal cavity |
| oculo | eye |
| odonto | tooth or teeth |
| oma | shoulder |
| omphalo | navel (umbilicus) |
| ora | latin for mouth |
| oto | ear |
| palpebra | latin for eyelid |
| stomato, stoma | mouth |
| adeno | gland |
| adreno | adrenal gland |
| angio, angi | vessel, usually a blood vessel |
| arterio | artery |
| auriculo | ear shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart; the pinna or flap of the ear |
| bronchi,broncho | bronchus |
| cerebello | cerebellum, a part of the brain |
| cerebro | cerebrum, a part of the brain |
| colp | vagina |
| corpus | latin for body or main part of any organ, or a mass of specialized tissue |
| cysto | bladder or sac most often used in reference to the urinary bladder, but also in connection with the gall bladder |
| glio | neuroglia, the supporting substance of the nervous system |
| kerato | cornea, or horny tissue |
| metra, metro | uterus |
| myelo | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| myringo | eardrum |
| Oophoro | ovary |
| orchio, orchi, orchid | testicle |
| Os | latin for bone, also a term for mouth or any orifice of the body |
| salplingo | fallopian tube or eustachian tube |
| -centesis | puncture, perforate |
| -clas | smash, break |
| -duct | draw |
| -dynia | pain |
| -edema | swell |
| -geno -genesis | produce, origin |
| -lysis | breaking up, dissolving |
| morph, morpho | form |
| -pep | digest |
| -phag -phago | eat |
| -phas | speak, utter |
| -plas | form, grow |
| -plegia | paralyze |
| -pne -pneo | breath |
| -poie | make |
| -rrhea | flow, discharge |
| -scope | examine |
| -stasis | stop, stand still |
| -staxis | drop |
| -therap | treat, cure |
| -troph -tropho | nourish |
| -cryto | hidden, concealed |
| -diplo | double, twice |
| dys | difficult, bad, disordered, painful |
| gravid | heavy |
| hydro- | wet, water |
| iso- | equal |
| leio- | smooth |
| mal | bad |
| megalo- | huge |
| meso- | middle, mid |
| multi- | many, much |
| necro- | dead |
| neo- | new |
| ortho- | straight, normal, correct |
| pleo- | more |
| poly- | many, much |
| pseudo- | false, spurious |
| sclero- | hard |
| steno- | narrow |
| xero- | dry |
| A/an | without |
| ad | up, toward, near to |
| anti | against, opposed to, reversed |
| bi | twice, double |
| cata | down, under, lower, against |
| com, con | with, together |
| contra | against, opposite |
| dia | between, through, apart, across, completely |
| dis | reversal, apart from, separation |
| E, ex | out,away from |
| ec | out from |
| ecto | on outer side, situated on |
| em, en | in |
| endo | within |
| epi | upon, on |
| exo | upon, on, outside, on outer side, outer layer |
| extra | outside |
| hyper | excessive, over, above |
| hypo | under, below, deficent |
| infra | below |
| inter | between |
| meta | beyond, after, change |
| para | beside, beyond, near to |
| per | through, excessive |
| post | after, behind |
| pre, pro | before, in front of |
| sub | under |
| supra | above, upon |
| trans | across, through, beyond |
| append | appendix: blind pouch |
| arterio | artery (carrying blood away from heart) |
| arthro | joint |
| cardio | heart |
| cholecysto | gallbladder |
| colo | large intestine |
| cranio | skull |
| encephalo | brain |
| gastro | stomach |
| laparo | abdominal wall |
| leuko | white |
| myelo | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| thoraco | chest or rib cage |
| tracheo | windpipe |
| ectomy | to remove part of |
| emia | blood |
| esthesia | without feeling |
| graph | the machine |
| graphy | the process |
| orrhaphy | surgical repair |
| ostomy | to make an opening |
| pexy | to anchor or fixate |
| plasty | revision, surgical molding of tissue |
| abd | abdomen |
| ad lib | as desired |
| amb | ambulatory |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BP or B/P | blood pressure |
| BRP | bathroom privilege |
| ca | cancer, calcium |
| C/O | complains of |
| DC, dc | discontinue |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| ER | emergency room |
| Fx | fracture |
| GU | genitourinary |
| Hgb, Hb | hemoglobin |
| I & O | intake and output |
| K | potassium |
| Noc | night |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| O | orally |
| PO | orally |
| PRN | when necessary |
| SSE | soap suds anemia |
| UA | urinalysis |
| AM | before noon |
| H | hour |
| HS | hour of sleep |
| MN | midnight |
| QD | everyday |
| QID | 4 times a day |
| BID | twice a day |
| TID | three times a day |
| aa | of each |
| a.c. | before meals |
| cap | capsule |
| elix | elixir |
| ID | intradermal |
| IM | intra muscular |
| IV | intravenous |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| OU | both eyes |
| p.c. | after meals |
| pp | post prandial (after eating) |
| amylo | starch |
| glyco | sugar |
| litho | stone |
| sebum | secretion of sebaceous glands |
| chyle | latin for juice, milky fluid consisting of lymph and fats |
| albus | latin for white |
| cyano | blue |
| cirrhos | orange-yellow |
| melano | black |
| erythro | red |
| leuko | white |
| ruber | latin for red |
| xantho | yellow |
Created by:
byeaton462
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