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Pharm1152 Bowel Drug

Constipation

QuestionAnswer
Constipation is a ? not a disease Symptom
6 kinds of laxatives bulk forming, emollient, hyperosmotic, saline, stimulant, peripherally acting opoid antagonists
Laxative contraindictions/cautions: drug allergy, acute surgical abd, appendicitis symptoms N/V, fecal impactions, undiagnosed abd pain
Bulk forming laxative mechanism of action high fiber, absorb water to increase bulk, distend bowel to initiate reflex of bowel activity
examples of bulk forming laxatives psyllium (metamucil), methylcellulose (Citrucel)
Emollient laxative mechanism of action stool softners and lubricants, promote water and fat in the stools, lubricate the fecal material and intestinal walls
examples of emollient laxatives (2 types) stool softners: docusate salts (colace,Surfak) Lubricants: mineral oil
Hyperosmotic laxatives mechanism of action increase fecal water content, results in bowel distention, increased peristalsis and evacuation
Examples of Hyperosmotic laxatives Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Sorbitol, glycerin, Lactulose
Lactulose is also used to reduce: elevated serum ammoinia levels
Saline Laxative mechanism of action increased osmotic pressure within the intestinal tract, causing more water to enter the intestine, results in bowel distention, increased peristalsis and evacuation
Examples of Saline laxatives Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), Magnesium citrate (Citroma)
Stimulant laxatives mechanism of action increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation
Examples of Stimulants Senna (Senekot), bisacodyl (Dulocolax)
Peripherally acting opiod antagonists, used for treatment of: (2) constipation related to opioid use and bowel resection therapy
Action of Pheripherally acting Opioid: block entrance of opioid into bowel, allow bowel to function bormally with continued opioid use
Examples of Peripherally acting opioid antagonists Methylnaltrexone (Relistor), alvimopan (Entereg)
Bulk forming laxative group indication acute and chronic constipation, IBS, diverticulosis
Emollient laxative group indication acute and chronic constipation, fecal facilitation of BMs in anorectal condition
Hyperosmotic laxative group indication Chronic constipation; diagnostic and surgical preps
Saline laxative group indication constipation, diagnostic and surgical preps
Stimulant laxative group indication acute constipation, diagnostic and surgical preps
Bulk forming laxative adverse effects: impaction, fluid overload,electrolyte imbalances, esophageal blockage
Emollient laxative adverse effects skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamins, electrolyte imbalances, lipid pneumonia
Hyperosmotic laxative adverse effects abdominal bloating, electrolyte imbalances,rectal irritation
Salne laxative adverse effects magnesium toxicity (with renal insufficiency), cramping, electrolyte imbalances, diarrhea, increased thirst
Stimulant laxative adverse effects nutrient malabsorption, skin rashes, gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalances, discolored urine, rectal irritation
ALL LAXATIVES CAN CAUSE ? electrolyte imbalances
Laxative nursing implications: assess ? and ? before initiating thearpy fluid, electrolytes
Inform patient to not take laxative if experiencing: N/V abdominal pain
A ? diet and ? fluid intake should be encouraged as an alternative ti laxative use healthy, high-fiber; increased
Long-term use of laxatives often results in ? decreased bowel tone, may lead to dependency
All laxatives should be taken with ? 6-8oz (240mL) of water
Inform patient to contact their MD if experiencing ? (4), which may indicate POSSIBLE FLUID OR ELECTROLYTE LOSS severe abdominal pain, muscle weakness, cramps and/or dizziness
When is it appropriate to "hold" a laxative? diarrhea, normal BM
What does the nurse need to document when a laxative is held? characteristics of BM and why it was held
Created by: aponton5
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