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Pharm1152 Antidiarrh
Bowel Disorder Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Common causes of acute diarrhea | bacterial, viral, drug induced, nutritional factors, protozoa |
| Common causes of chronic diarrhea | Tumors, DM, Addison's Disease, hyperthyroidism, IBS, AIDS |
| 3 Mechanisms of Antidiarrheals | Adsorbents, Antimotility, Intestinal Flora modifiers |
| Mechanism of action of Adsorbents | Coat the walls of GI tract, bind to the the causative bacteria ir toxin (which is eliminated through the stool) |
| Examples of Adsorbents | bismuth subsalicylate(Pepto Bismol), activated charcoal,aluminum hydroxide |
| Adverse effects of adsorbents | Increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools, confusion, twitching, hearing loss, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums |
| Mechanism of action of antimotility drugs- Anticholinergics | Decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of GI tract (slows movement of fecal matter throught GI tract) |
| Antimotility drugs (2) | Anticholinergics and Opiates |
| Examples of Antimotilities- Anticholinergics | belladonna alkadosis (atropine, hyoscyamine) |
| Adverse effects of anticholinergics | Urinary issues, headache, dizziness, CONFUSION, anxiety, DROWSINESS, dry skin, flushing, blurred vision, hpypOtension, bradycardia |
| Mechanism of action of antimotility drugs- Opiates | Decrease bowel motility and relieve rectal spasms, decreast transit time through the bowel,allowing more time for water and electrolytes to be absorbed |
| Examples of antimotility drugs- Opiates | paregoric, opium tincture, codeine, loperamide (OTC- Immodium), diphenoxylate |
| Adverse effects of Opiates | DROWSINESS, sedation, dizziness, lethargy, N/V, anorexia,constipation, resp depression, hypOtension, urinary retention, flushing |
| Mechanism of action- Intestinal Flora modifiers | Probiotics/bacterial replacement drugs |
| Bacterial cultures of Lactobacillus organisms work by: | Supplying missing bacteria to the GI tract, suppressing the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria |
| Example of Intestinal Flora modifier | L. acidophilus (Lactinex) |
| Antidiarrheal interactions: Adsorbents decrease the absorption of many drugs, including: | digoxin, clindamycin, quindine, hypoglycemic drugs, others |
| When given with anticoagulants, adsorbents increase: | bleeding time and bruising |
| Antacids can decrease the effects of these kind of antidiarrheal drugs: | anticholinergic |
| Nursing implications of antidiarrheals, obtain through history of: | bowel patterns,general state of health, and recent history if illness or dietary changes: asses for allergies |
| Do NOT give bismuth subsalicylate to: | Children and teenagers with chickenbox or flu (risk of Reye's syndrome) |
| Use adsorbents carefully in elder patients or those with: | decreased bleeding time, clotting disorder, recent bowel surgery, confusion |
| Do NOT administer anticholinergics to patients with a history of: | narrow-angle glaucoma, GI obstruction, myasthenia gravis,paralytic ileus, and toxic megacolon |
| Teach patient to take meds as prescribed and to be aware of their: | fluid intake and dietary changes |
| When do you assess fluid status, I&O and mucous membranes | before, during and after initiation of treatment |
Created by:
aponton5
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