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patient care test 2
patient care 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the signs of shock? | - restlessness - increase in pulse rate -pallor accompanied by weakness or change in thinking ability -cool, clammy skin -fall in BP |
| What is anaphylaxis? | allergic shock |
| what is cardiogenic shock? | results from cardiac failure or interference with heart function (pulmonary embolus or anesthesia may initiate this) |
| what is neurogenic shock? | failure of arterial resistance causing pooling of blood in peripheral vessels |
| what is septic shock? | when a massive infection produces toxins that increase capillary permeability + vasodilation causing BP to drop sharply |
| what is hypovolemic shock? | when such a large amount of plasma/blood is lost that an insufficient amount of fluid is available to fill circulatory system |
| define shock: | failure of circulation in which BP is inadequate to support oxygen perfusion of vital tissue + is unable to remove byproducts of metabolism |
| define epitaxis: | nosebleed |
| equation to covert Fahrenheit to Celsius: | C= (f-32)/ 1.8 |
| equation to covert Celsius to Fahrenheit: | F= (c x 1.8) + 32 |
| what is needed when taking a patients history? | -physical evaluation -skin color -temperature -level of consciousness - level of breathing |
| What does NPO stand for? | nothing by mouth |
| define pulse: | advancing pressure wave in artery caused by expulsion of blood when the left ventricle contract |
| what are the common places to take a pulse? | - radial (thumb side of wrist) - brachial (anticubital fossa) -carotid (neck) |
| Low 02 saturation's at the cellular level (hypoxia) increase what four things? | - respiratory rate - heart rate - blood pressure -depth of breathing |
| Low oxygen saturation levels are comprised of what two things? | -metabolic rate - homeostasis |
| Homeostasis is maintained at ____% oxygen which is equivalent to atmospheric concentrations of oxygen. | 21% |
| Define Apnea: | absence of spontaneous breathing |
| Define dyspnea: | difficulty breathing |
| define Tachypnea: | increased respiratory rate (above 20) |
| Normal respiratory rates for adults: | 12-20 per minute |
| Normal respiratory rates for children (under 10): | 20-30 per minute |
| normal respiratory rates for newborns: | 30 -60 per minute |
| define respiratory rate: | respiration's provide oxygen to organs + eliminates carbon dioxide from the tissues |
| Define bradycardia and list causes | low/slow heart rate (40 0r below) causes: hypothermia seen in athletes |
| define tachycardia and list causes: | high/fast heartbeat (anything of 100) causes: exercise fever anemia CHF respiratory disorders shock hypoxia |
| pulse rates (heart rates) in adults: | 60-100 beats per minute |
| pulse rates (heart rates) in children under 10: | 70-120 beats per minute |
| measuring BP (systolic): | 1st sound (top #) pressure in contracted state should be 95-140 mm Hg |
| measuring BP (diasolic): | bottom #(when sound can no longer be heard) pressure in relaxed state shoukd be 60-90 mm Hg |
| what is a sphymomanometer: | BP cuff |
| define hypotension: | low BP (less than 95/60) |
| define hypertension: | High BP (increased workload on heart causes damage to heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs |
| normal body temps in Fahrenheit and Celsius | F: 97.7- 99.5 C: 36.5- 37.5 |
| define fever: | sign of increased body metabolism usually because of infection Fibrile |
| what part of the brain regulates temperature? | hypothalamus |
| define homeostasis: | relative constancy in the internal environment of the body that is naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote survival |
| causes of LOW HCT (hematocrit) | - anemia - blood loss - pregnancy |
| causes of high HCT (hematocrit) | - erythrocytosis - dehydration - shock |
| HCT (hematocrit): normal counts and function | males : 36-54% females: 40-48% percent of cellular components in your blood to fluid or plasma |
| causes of low HGB (hemoglobin) | - anemia - pregnancy - hemorrhage - excessive fluid intake |
| causes of high HGN (hemoglobin) | - COPD - CHF -high altitude |
| HGB (hemoglobin) normal count and primary function | 12.0- 18.0 g/dl oxygen is carried to tissues in the RBC's via hemoglobin |
| causes of low RBC count and symptoms | - anemia - leukemia - post hemorrhage symptoms: fatigue short of breath pale color |
| causes of high RBC count | - dehydration - excessive diarrhea - acute poisoning - pulmonary fibrosis |
| Normal RBC count: | 4000- 6200 |
| causes of low WBC count | - chemotherapy - aplastic anemia - aids |
| causes of high WBC count: | - acute infection - acute leukemia - post surgery - trauma -menstruation |
| WBC normal count and function: | 4800- 10,000 function: to fight off and prevent infection |
| kidney function: causes of low creatinine levels | -kidney disease |
| kidney function: causes of high creatinine levels | -renal dysfunction - nephritis -necrosis or atrophy - destruction of muscle tissue - hyperthyroidism - rheumetoid arthritis |
| normal creatinine levels: | .7- 1.5 mg/dl |
| kidney function: causes of low BUN (blood urea nitrogen) | - liver damage - pregnancy - low protein diet - high carb diet |
| kidney function: cause of high BUN (blood urea nitrogen) | - decreased kidney function - dehydration - strenuous exercise - high protein diet - mercury poisoning |
| kidney function: BUN (blood urea nitrogen) normal counts: | 7-21 mg/ dl |
| define hyperglycemia | high blood sugar, develops over time and requires insulin |
| define hypoglycema | excessive insulin (low blood sugar) needs to eat often |
| vasovagal reaction | brain deprived of 02= fainting |
| syncope | fainting |
| TIA | transcient ischemic attack = mini stroke |
| code amber: | missing patient/person -- can be for adult or child |
| code red: | fire |
| code blue: | Cardiac (adult) |
| code pink: | cardiac (child) |
| code silver: | hostage situation/ person with weapon |
| code grey | violent combative person |
| code orange | hazardous material spill or release |
| code black: | bomb threat |
| code purple: | surge capacity |
| code white (internal): | internal situation |
| code white (external): | external situation |
| signs and symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident (stroke): | -paralysis on one or both sides - slurred speech - loss of vision or consciousness *may occur suddenly or over hours |
| CVA (cerebrovascular accident) - stroke | rupture of a cerebral artery causing a hemorrhage or an artery made be occluded causing an interruption in blood flow |
Created by:
byeaton462
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