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pharm 3 part deuce

drugdefine
Classification of Antibiotics Cell wall synthesis; cell membrane permeability; protein synthesis(lethal); nonlethal inhibitors of protien synthesis; synthesis of nucleic acids; antimetabolites; viral enzyme inhibitors
Penicillins Weaken the cell wall by inhib of transpeptidase (peptidoglycan), causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture; Bactericidal; Bacteria resistance: inability of pens to reach their target; inactivation of penisillins by bacterial enzymes
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) 4 forms: Na pen G, K Pen G, Procaine Pen G, Benzathine Pen G; adv eff: allegy-pen most common drugy allergy
Penicillin Allergy types: imm(2-30min), accel(1-72hr), Late (days or weeks); Anaphyxis: laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, sever hypotension; Treat: epi, respiratory support, skin test(prevent)
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins Nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins) consist of 2 agents: ampicillin, amoxicillin; adv eff: rash diarrhea
Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) Ticarcillin (ticar); Carbenicillin indanyl; mezlocillin; piperacillin
Penicillin / Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations Three -lactamase inhibitors in the USA; Only avail in fixed dose combi: Ampicillin/Subactam(unasyn); Amoxicillin/Claulanic Acid (Augmentin); Ticarcillin/ Clavulanic Acid (Timentin); Piperacillin/Tazobactam (zosyn)
Cephalosporins weaken cell wall; most widely used group of antib: beta-lactam antib, similar to pen struct; bactericidal, give paraenterally; adv eff: alergy, bleeding, thrombophlebitis
Classification of Cephalosporins 1st gen: Cefazolin(ancef); 2nd gen: Cefaclor (ceclor); 3rd gen Cefoperazpme (cefoboid); 4th gen: cefepime (maxipime)
Vancomycin (Lyphocin) Cell wall syn; use: sever infections MRSA or staph epidermidis; adv eff: ototoxcicity; thrombophlebitis; allegery
Tetracyclines broad spec anitb; inhib protein syn; use: rickettsial, chlamydia trachomatis, brucellosis, cholera, mycoplasma pneumoniae, lyme, anthrax; hpylori; abs-chelation: Ca, milk prod, Fe supp, mg lax&antacids; adv eff: GI, eff bone&teeth, super infect, heparena
Macrolides (Erythromycin) Broad spec; use if allergic to pen; adv eff: GI, cholestatic hepatitis, superinfection; oral(eryc, ery-tab), IV rarely; Clarithromycin (biaxin) - Azithromycin (zithromax)
Clindamycin (Cleocin)Inhibits protein synthesis; Can induce ‘antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis’; Indicated only for certain anaerobic infections located outside the CNS; adv eff: hepa tox: blood dyscrasias, renal tox; diarrhea; hypersensitivity rxn
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) Broad Spec antib; inhibs protein syn; use: life-threat infections; adv eff: reversible bone marrow depres, aplastic anemia, gray syndrome, GI, Peripheral Neuropathy
Linezolid (Zyvox) 1sr member of new class, oxazolindinones; inhibs protein syn, 23s portion of 50s subunit; Use: VRE, MRSA, Gram + bacteria; adv eff: well toler, weak MAO inhibit
Telithromycin (Ketek) first Ketolide-close relative of erythromycin; use: stains of Strepto pneumoniae; Adv eff: GI, Visial disturbs, recently server liver FDa inquiry, multi DI
Aminoglycosides inhbit protein syn; narrow spec antib; not abs from GI; Microbial resist: inactivating enzymes; aquired by transfer of R factors; resistance Amikacin rare; use: serisous infec, aerobic gram - bacilli; Can cause serious injury to inner ear and kidney
Aminoglycosides Adverse effects Nephrotoxicity: total levels, not peal; ototoxicity: hearing balance, excessive trough levels; hypersensitivity rxn; neuromuscular blockade: Ca gluconate IV; DI: pens-direct chemical inactivation
Gentamicin (Garamycin)Aminoglycoside; serious infect by aerobic gram - bacilli; use: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, proteus mirabilis; adv eff: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Created by: bmg4
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