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Rad therapy Onc 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define etiology | the study of the cause of disease |
| define epidemiology | the study of disease incidence |
| define prevalence | the probability of disease in the entire population at any point in time |
| define disease incidence | the probability that a patient without disease develops the disease during an interval |
| the principle method of lung cancer detection | conventional chest x-ray |
| type of lung cancer that has the best prognosis with approximately 20% of patients surviving over five years | NSCLC |
| common sites for lung cancer metastasis | cervical lymph nodes, liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys, and contralateral lung |
| most effective single chemotherapy agent for bronchogenic cancers | Cisplatin |
| considered an oncologic emergency | superior vena cava syndrome |
| the critical structures of concern in the treatment field for lung cancers | spinal cord, heart, and normal lung |
| Asbestos is commonly associated with what respiratory tumor? | malignant mesothelioma |
| What nodes do rectal lesions that extend into the anal canal drain? | Inguinal nodes |
| most common malignancy of the large bowel accounting for 90% to 95% of all tumors | Adenocarcinoma |
| most common site of distant metastasis for colorectal cancer | liver |
| treatment of choice for colorectal cancer | Surgery |
| Where does lymphatic spread initially occur in anal cancer? | perirectal nodes and anorectal nodes |
| most common presenting symptom of anal cancer | Rectal bleeding |
| What is the most common histology of anal cancer, comprising approximately 80% of the cases? | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| considered the preferred treatment for most patients with anal cancer | A combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy (5FU- and mitomycin C) |
| What is a condition in which the distal esophagus is lined with a columnar epithelium rather than a stratified squamous epithelium? | Barrett’s esophagus |
| most common presenting symptoms of esophageal cancer | Dysphagia and weight |
| Squamous cell carcinomas frequently occur in which portion of the esophagus? | the upper and middle thoracic esophagus |
| most common sites of distant metastasis for esophageal cancer | liver and lung |
| What are the two most commonly combined modality techniques for esophageal cancers? | Definitive chemoradiation therapy and neoadjuvant preoperative chemoradiation therapy |
| How does esophageal cancer tend to spread? | longitudinally |
| location of the pancreas | L1-2 in the upper abdomen |
| Where do pancreatic cancers most frequently occur? | head and neck of the pancreas |
| treatment of choice for pancreatic cancer | Surgery |
| What is the most common drug used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer? | Gemcitabine |
| When treating a lesion in the head of the pancreas, how much of the right kidney is in the treated volume? | Approximately 50% |
| Which type of cancer is more prevalent than other gynecologic cancers among younger women? | Cervical cancer |
| Which two gynecological cancers are rare and usually occur in older women? | Vaginal and vulvar |
| most radiosensitive gynecologic structure | ovary |
| primary drainage pattern of the cervix | the external iliac, obturator, and hypogastric chains |
| What is the predictable lymphatic spread pattern of vulvar cancer? | first to the superficial inguinal nodes, then deep femoral nodes, and eventually to pelvic nodes |
| treatment of choice for vaginal cancers | Radiation therapy |
| For carcinoma in situ and stage 1 well- differentiated cancer, the entire vagina may be treated via brachytherapy alone with what dose? | 60 Gy |
| most common pathologic type of cervical cancer | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| What is the usual treatment for stage 0 and stage Ia1 invasive cancer of the cervix? | a total abdominal hysterectomy with a vaginal cuff |
| What drug increases the risk of endometrial cancer? | Tamoxifen |
| useful prognostic indicator of successful chemotherapy treatment in ovarian cancer | Serum CA-125 |
| most common malignancy for males in the US | Carcinoma of the prostate |
| Where do most prostate carcinomas develop? | peripheral glands |
| treatment of choice for stage 3 prostate cancers | External beam radiation with hormonal therapy |
| Which lymphatics do the fossa navicularis and penile urethra follow? | follow lymphatics of the penis to the superficial and deep inguinal nodes |
| What is the commonly applied treatment for patients with stage 1 seminoma? | A radical orchiectomy and post-operative irradiation of the paraaortic and ipsilateral pelvic nodes |
| What disease has been associated with renal cell carcinoma? | von Hippel-Lindau disease |
| Where does the lymphatic drainage of the kidney and renal pelvic occur? | the paraaortic and paracaval nodes |
| What is the most important prognostic indicator and significant aspect of staging for breast cancer? | number of axillary lymph nodes |
| most common histologic type of breast malignancy | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
| Which type of breast cancer yields an extremely poor prognosis | Inflammatory carcinoma |
| In what quadrant do the majority of breast cancers arise? | upper-outer quadrant |
| condition in which the skin develops an orange appearance, and it is a clinical sign of inflammatory breast cancer? | Peau d’orange |
| TD5/5 for bladder | 65Gy |
| TD5/5 for brain | 45Gy |
| TD5/5 for colon | 45Gy |
| TD5/5 for esophagus | 55Gy |
| TD5/5 for kidney | 23Gy |
| TD5/5 for optic chiasma | 45Gy |
| TD5/5 for stomach | 50Gy |
| lymphatics involved with cervical cancer | parametrial nodes, followed by pelvic, common iliac, periaortic, and supraclavicular nodes |
| T/F: The connective tissue immediately lateral to the uterine wall is the endometrium. | False: parametrium |
| T/F: Chronic ulcerative colitis is the hereditary disease in which the entire large bowl is studded with polyps. | False: familial adenomatous polyposis |
| Patients with rectal cancer usually have rectal bleeding. This may be bright red blood on the toilet paper or mixed in or on the stool. This defines ________________. | Hematochezia |
| T/F: African Americans have a 50% higher incidence to develop esophageal cancer than whites. | True |
Created by:
ejm2008
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