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psych midterm ch 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consciousness | awareness of one's surroundings & of what's in one's mind at a given moment (awake&aware) |
| global workspace of consciousness | various sensory elements brought together here |
| consciousness required for? | mental processes like imagining situations, planning, mental tasks, sequences of info., speaking/understanding language, logical reasoning |
| wakefulness | degree of alertness reflecting whether person is awake/asleep |
| awareness | monitoring of info from the environment & from one's thoughts |
| vegetative state | wakeful but not very aware/responsive |
| coma | eyes closed, unresponsive, unarousable |
| reticular formation | area in brain controls wakefulness |
| Glasgow coma scale | distinguishes different degrees using 1.degree of eye opening 2.verbal responsiveness 3.motor responsiveness (ranges from 3-15, 3: most fatal) |
| minimally conscious state | person is barely awake/aware but shows some deliberate movements, cant communicate, show signs of intentional behavior |
| preconscious | material potentially accessible but not currently available to awareness |
| tip of the tongue phenomenon | we know something, we know we know it, but we cant pull up the info |
| moderate consciousness | while we sleep/dream (roused by sounds important to us, while ignoring others because of a perceptual wall in our conscious preventing us from perceiving most sensations of the outer world) |
| flow state | strong focused attention, things flowing smoothly, you know what you're doing, lose track of time (stage of full consciousness) |
| mindfulness | heightened awareness of present moment, events in one's environment, events in one's mind ex: more mindful person realizes everything when talking to a friend such as their tone/looks/etc |
| attention | key aspect of consciousness, limited capacity to process info that's under conscious control |
| selective attention | ability to focus awareness on specific features in environment while ignoring other |
| dichotic listening task | focus on one ear while receiving info in both ears |
| cocktail party effect | ability to filter out auditory stimuli & then refocus attention when you hear your name |
| inattentional blindness | fail to notice expected objects in our surroundings |
| perceptual load model | we dont notice potential distracters when a primary task consumes all of our attention, more important/hard tasks may consume more attention |
| synchronization | conscious attention occurs when neurons from many distinct brain regions work together |
| sustained attention | ability to maintain focused awareness on a target/idea |
| CPT | continuous performance test (helps develop skill for sustained attention) |
| meditation | practices that people use to calm the mind, stabilize concentration, focus attention, enhance awareness of the present moment (develop mindfulness, improve attentional skills, enhance well being, reduce stress, decrease depression, etc) |
| sleep | perceptual wall between conscious mind&outside world, awareness diminished greatly but not completely. since it's reversible, it's different from a coma |
| circadian rhythms | variations in physiological processes that cycle within approximately a 24 hour period including the sleep-wake cycle |
| SCN | suprachiasmatic nucleus (internal timekeeper in hypothalamus which regulates physiological activity on daily cycles) |
| melatonin | hormone that plays a role in relaxation & drowsiness |
| REM | rapid eye movements that occur during sleep/thought to mark dream phases |
| beta waves | rapid, low energy waves when we are awake |
| alpha waves | slower, high energy waves when we are awake&relaxed/drowsy |
| Non-REM | form of sleep with few eye movements (slow rather than fast). 4 stages each with unique brain wave patterns |
| theta waves | slower & longer in energy than alpha waves when we enter sleep stage 1 |
| sleep stage 1 | light sleep (only 5-7 mins), theta waves |
| sleep stage 2 | theta waves show short periods of extremely fast & somewhat higher energy (sleep spindles), sudden high energy K complexes |
| sleep stage 3 | initially consists of theta waves with some higher energy delta waves, progressively more&more delta, less&less spindles&K complexes |
| sleep stage 4 | no spindles, K complexes |
| describe a night of sleeping | sleep stage 1-2-3-4-3-2-1 (REM sleep dreaming 8-10 mins), cycle repeats & with each cycle, NONREM shorter & REM longer. each cycle roughly 90 mins. |
| full blown dreams | regular during nonREM, less common than REM |
| REM dreams | more detailed, active, less like regular thinking |
| sleep | neural growth, memory consolidation, protection against cellular damage |
| sleep debt | amount of sleep our brains owe our bodies |
| sleep deprivation connects to? | anxiety, depression, paranoia |
| insomnia | sleep disorder: difficulty falling/staying asleep, don't feel rested |
| sleep-walking | sleep disorder: activities occurring during nonREM sleep that occur when one's awake |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder: excessive daytime sleepiness/weakness in facial&limb muscles (cataplexy) |
| hypersomnia | sleep disorder: sleeping excessively/wanting to nap at inappropriate times |
| night terrors | scream, frightened, sweating, fast breathing & then normally sleeps. no known cause. no recollection (NON REM) |
| dreams | thoughts, feelings, images experienced during sleep |
| Freud | dreams are the road to our unconscious. said dreams operate on 2 levels |
| manifest level | Freud's surface level of dreams, recalled upon waking |
| latent level | Freud's level of dream: deeper, unconscious where true meaning of dream lies |
| NONREM sleep | moderately active, external, logical (closer to reality) |
| REM sleep | highly active, internal, loose |
| hypnosis | focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntary control over behavior, suspension of critical faculties. |
| hypnosis induced pain activates? | same circuit as real pain circuit |
| stroop effect | delay in reaction time when color of words on a test & their meaning differ |
| psychoactive drugs | substances that reliably produce qualitative changes in conscious experience |
| addction | results from habitual,physical,psychological dependence on a substance |
| depressants | alcohol, sedatives, opioids |
| stimulants | caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, mdma |
| hallucinogens | marijuana, LSD |
| cirrhosis | nonfunctional scar tissue in liver/fatal condition caused by chronic drinking |
| binge drinking | 5 days in a row: men, 4 days in a row: women |
| moderate alcohol consumption | 2/day |
Created by:
alexisyoo
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