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Psychology #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is sensation? | When our sense organs (ex. eyes) receive information (ex. light waves) |
| What are the senses? | Visual, Auditory, Olfactory, Gustatory, and Haptic |
| What is transduction? | Stimuli is translated into nerve impulses. |
| What is perception? | Process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory information. |
| What is psychophysics? | The study of relationships between stimuli and sensory capabilities. |
| What is absolute threshold/limen? | The minimum amount of a stimulus needed for detection 50% of the time. |
| What is an example of absolute threshold for vision? | Candle flame being seen from 30 miles away on a clear dark night. |
| What is an example of absolute threshold for auditory? | The tick of a watch under quiet conditions at 20 feet away. |
| What is an example of absolute threshold for olfactory? | One drop of perfume diffused into the volume of an entire area. |
| What is an example of absolute threshold for gustatory? | One teaspoon of sugar into two gallons of water. |
| What is an example of absolute threshold for haptic? | Wing of a fly or bee falling on a persons cheek from one centimeter away. |
| True or False: Subliminal messages can persuade people to buy a product. | False. Studies have shown that this has no effect of a persons behavior. |
| What is difference threshold/just noticeable difference(JND)? | Minimum amount of change in stimulus (difference between two stimuli) necessary for detection 50% of the time. |
| What is Weber's Law? | JND is proportion/fraction of the intensity of the stimulus. |
| More intense simulus= ? | Larger difference needed |
| What are changes needed for JND? | Weight ~ 2%; Light ~ 8%; Sound ~ 0.3% |
| Absolute and difference threshold are ....... | not fixed. |
| Instead there is a range of ...... | uncertainty |
| What is this uncertainty in absolute and difference threshold effected by? | Current sensitivity, fatigue, expectation, and motivation. |
| What is signal detection theory? | It examines factors that effect sensory judgments. |
| What factors make a false alarm more/less likely? | |
| What factors make a miss more/less likely? | |
| Perception is a ... | decision |
| Different wavelengths create ..... | different hues(colors) |
| Bigger amplitude in lightwaves create .... | greater brightness |
| Greater purity in lightwaves creates .... | more saturation |
| Same wave lengths but .... | different amplitude and purity |
| What is the cornea? | It is the transparent outer layer of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light and is approximately 2/3 of the eyes optical power. |
| What is the pupil? | It is the opening to the eyes that determines that amount of light that is let in. |
| What is the iris? | It is a ring of muscles that control the pupil. |
| What are the lens? | They change shape (also known as accommodation) to focus light on retina. |
| What happens to the lens if an object is near? | They fatten and rounds. |
| What happens to the lens if the object is far? | They flatten and narrows. |
| What is the retina? | The lining of the eye that contains photoreceptors (sensory neurons). Visual images are created on the retina. |
| What is fovea? | It is at the center of the retina. Images that are focused here have maximum acuity. It is responsible for sharp central vision, which is necessary for reading, watching, driving, and any other activity where visual detail is of primary importance. |
| What are bipolar cells? | They connect between photoreceptors and ganglion cells. They act directly or indirectly to transmit signals from the photoreceptor and ganglion cells. |
| What are ganglion cells? | They are axons bundle and form optic nerve Various forms of nerve cells |
| Optic Nerve | composed of 1.2 MILLION axons that transmit info to areas of brain |
| Blind Spot | Where optic nerve leaves eye – no photoreceptors here |
| How many rods are there per eye? | About 100 to 120 millon. |
| Rods | They are located in periphery, but none in the fovea. They work in low light and allow night vision. They detect black/white, brightness, and motion. They cannot detect, however, color. |
| How many cones are there per eye? | About 5 to 6 million per eye |
| Cones | Mostly located in fovea. They allow acuity and detect sharp detail. They only work in bright light. They detect long, short, and medium wave lengths. |
| What happens when lightwaves reflect off an object? | Hit retina, protein molecules change composition, bipolar cells activate ganglion cells, and it signals the brain through the optic nerve. |
| Change=....=.... | voltage and action potentials |
| Where to signals travel to? | To the thalamus then to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. |
| Feature detectors.. | Fire with a specific stimuli |
| Brain interprets signal = ....... | perception of image |
Created by:
mgilruth25
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