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Psych**
Week 6 Vocab 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accomodation | Refers to changing an existing schema to incorporate new information that cannot be assimilated . In Piaget's theory. |
| Adolescence | Life stage from puberty to independent adulthood, denoted physically by a growth spurt and maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics, cognitively by the onset of formal operational thought, and socially by the formation of identity. |
| Alzheimers Disease | A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by graduel deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally physical functioning. |
| Assimilation | Refers to interpreting a new experience in terms of an existing schema. In Piaget's theory. |
| Attatchment | An emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to a caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
| Basic Trust | According to Erikson is a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy- a concept that infants form if their needs are met by responsive caregiving. |
| Cognition | Al the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
| Concrete Operational Stage | The stage lasting from about ages 6 or 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events and objects. |
| Conservation | The principle that properties such as number, volume, and mass remain constant despite changes in the forms of objects; it is acquired during the concrete operational stage. |
| Critical Period | The limited time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly. |
| Cross- Sectional Study | In this study people of different ages are compared to one another. |
| Crystalized Intelligence | Refers to those aspects of intellectual ability, such as vocabulary and general knowledged that reflect accumulated learning. Crystallized intelligence tend to increase with age. |
| Developmental Psychology | A branch of psychology tha studies human developement in physical, cognitive, and social change perspectives |
| Egocentrism | In Piaget's theory refers to the difficulty that preoperational children have in considering another viewpoint. "ego" means "self" erring and "centrism" indicates "in the center"; the preoperational child is "self-centered". |
| Embryo | The developing prenatal organism from about 2 weeks through 2 months after conception. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | A syndrome that refers to the physical and cognitive abnormalities that heavy drinking by a pregnant women may cause in the developing child. |
| Fetus | The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth. |
| Fluid Intelligence | Refers to a persons ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Fluid intelligence tends to decline with age. |
| Formal Operational Stage | In Piaget's theory; normally begins at about age 12. During this stage, people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. |
| Habituation | Decreasing respinsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. |
| Identity | One's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. |
| Imprinting | The process by which certain animals forms attachments early ih life, usually during a limited critical period. |
| Intimacy | In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. |
| Longitudinal Study | In this study, the same people are tested and retested over a period of years. |
| Maturation | Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. |
| Menarche | The first menstrual period. |
| Menopause | The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines. |
| Object Permanance | The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. |
| Preoperational Stage | In Piaget's theory; lasts from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age. During this stage, language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logic. |
| Primary Sex Characteristics | The body structures (ovaries, testes, external genitalia) that enable reproduction. |
| Puberty | The early adolescent period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction. |
| Rooting Reflex | A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open mouth, and search for the nipple. |
| Schemas | Mental concepts that organize and interpret information. They are found in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. |
| Secondary Sex Characteristics | The nonreproductive sexual characteristics, for example, female breasts, male voice quality, and body hair. |
| Self Concept | A persons sense of identity and personal worth. |
| Sensorimotor Stage | In Piaget's theory of cognitive stages, this stage lasts from birth to about age 2; during this stage, infants gain knowledge of the world through their senses and their motor activities. |
| Social Clock | The cultural perferred timing of social event such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. |
| Stranger Anxiety | THe fear of strangers that infants begin to display at about 8 months of age. |
| Teratogens | Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during the prenatal development and cause harm. |
| Zygote | The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. |
| Theory of Mind | Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states--about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict. |
| Autism | A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind. |
| Nature- Nurtue Issue | Contoversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological behaviors. |
| Continuity View | The perspective that development is gradual and continuous. |
| Discontinuity View | The persepective that development proceeds in an uneven fashion ex: succession of changes that happen in stages. |
| Developmental Stages | Periods of life initiated by significant transitions or changes in physical or psychological functioning |
| Prenatal Period | The developmental period before birth |
| Placenta | The organ interface between the embryo or fetus and the mother. ex: separates bloodstreams, but allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products. |
| Neonatal Period | The first 4 weeks after birth |
| Infancy | In humans, the stage of life from birth to age 2. |
| Contact Comfort | Stimulation and reassurance derived from the physical touch of a caregiver. |
| Accomodation | In the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accomodate a changing knowledge of reality. |
| Animistic Thinking | A preoperational mode of thought in which inanimate objects are imagined to have life and mental processes ex: they might think their stuffed animals are real. |
| Mental Operations | Solving problems by manipulating images in one's mind. |
| Temperment | Individuals characteristic manner of behavior or reaction assumed to have a strong genetic basis. |
| Zone of Proximal Development | The difference between what a child can do with help and what a child can do without any help or guidance. |
| Generativity | In Erikson's theory, a process of making a commitment beyond oneself. ex: to family, work ir future generations. |
| Selective Social Interaction | Choosing to restrict the number of ones social contacts to those who are most gratifying. |
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tatarek11
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