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Sociology2200
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Did the % foreign born in the US dip in the 70s? | Yes |
| Which immigrant group increased the most since the 1960s? | Latinos |
| What percentage decline in unauthorized immigration occurred between 2008-2009? | 7% |
| What ratio of children in the US are immigrants? | 1 out of 4 |
| How many children under the age of 18 are immigrants? | 15 million |
| What ratio of children were born in the US and are citizens? | 4 out of 5 |
| Which is the fastest growing ethnic group in the US? | Latinos |
| What percent of immigrants are unauthorized Latinos? | 62% |
| What are the four types of immigrants? | Human capital, labor, family reunification, refugee/asylum |
| What are human capital migrants? | High education levels/high skill, work outside of ethnic enclave |
| What are labor migrants? | Low education, work and live in ethnic enclaves |
| What type of immigrant is the highest in the US? | Relatives of citizens |
| What is the percentage comparison of US born managers to foreign born? | 36% to 27% in 2007 |
| What does the theory of Melting pot mean? | Immigrants should and do give up their cultural traditions in order to integrate into dominant American culture. Second and future generations are fully American. Symbolic ethnicity = expression of cultural traditions today. |
| What does Immigration Pluralism mean? | Immigrants maintain cultural practices which co-exist within dominant American culture. Heritage is important. Cultural Diversity is cherished. |
| What is Institutional Assimilation? | Immigrants adopt some aspects of dominant culture but hold onto some aspects of home country cultures. The balance between both pluralism and melting pot. |
| How do non-immigrants and immigrants differ in views of how the country SHOULD be? | 62% non-immigrants think the country is American (Melting Pot). 57% of immigrants think the country is made up of many cultures and values (Pluralism). |
| How do non-immigrants and immigrants differ in views of how the country is? | Both think it is more Pluralism or many immigrant cultures. |
| What was William Julius Wilson's main point? | “The life chances of individual blacks have more to do with their economic class position than with their dayto-day encounters with whites.” |
| What is the shadow of race for blacks and whites? | Middle class for whites until proven otherwise, lower class for blacks until proven otherwise. |
| What is Closed social system? | the position of individuals reflects that of their parents; class of origin matters much in determining life chances |
| What is Open social system? | the position of individuals does not reflect that of their parents; class of origin matters little in determining life chances |
| What is Mobility? | movement of individuals (up or down) in the system of inequality open systems are characterized by moderate to high mobility closed systems allow for very little mobility |
| What is Relative (Fluid) Mobility? | change of position within a fixed “class” distribution; for one person to move up another must move down |
| What is Absolute (Structural) Mobility? | anyone who moves across a fixed threshold from one year to the next (e.g. $50,000/year) is mobile; does not matter if the person’s position did not change relative to the entire income distribution |
| Is there Absolute mobility in the US? | Yes. 8 in 10 adults report higher incomes than their parents. |
| What countries, besides the US show strong links between individual and parental earnings? | Italy and Great Britain |
| Give examples of individual explanations for Mobility | Parental wealth, social contacts, parenting style, cultural capital |
| Give examples of structural explanations for mobility | Economic climate, funding of schools, immigration, neighborhood, access to credit |
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