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Adler,Horney,Murray,
Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Henry Murray, Erich Fromm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Theory Focussed on the uniqueness of each person and denied the universality of biological motives and goals. | Individual Psychology |
| Who came up with the theory of Individual Psychology? | Alfred Adler |
| To Adler, which was the most important aspect in personality? Conscious or Unconscious? | The Conscious. |
| Who's theory basically stated "Rather than being driven by forces we cannot see and control, we are actively involved in creating ourselves and directing our future?" | Alfred Adler |
| Who's childhood involved losing his/her brother at age 3, having rickets disease,close to death w/ pneumonia, rejection by his mother with a new baby, and being his dad's favorite. | Alfred Adler. |
| Who emphasized the importance of the peer group and suggested that childhood relationships with siblings and with children outside the family were very significant. | Alfred Adler. |
| How many years did Adler work with Freud? | 9 years, starting in 1902. |
| True or False. Adler was a student and a disciple of Freud. | False, Adler was never a student or disciple of Freud's. |
| In 1912, who founded the Society for Individual Psychology? | Alfred Adler. |
| The normal condition of all people; the source o all human striving. | Inferiority feelings. |
| A motivation to overcome inferiority, to strive or higher levels of development. | Compensation. |
| Adler's Inferiority Theory: | Throughout our lives, we are driven by the need to overcome this sense o inferiority and to strive for increasingly higher levels of development. |
| At what stage did Adler believe inferiority started? | The infant stage. |
| A condition that develops when a person is unable to compensate for normal inferiority feelings. | Inferiority Complex |
| What type of children are more likely to gain an inferiority complex? | Spoiled and pampered child. |
| A condition that develops when a person overcompensates for normal inferiority feelings. | Superiority Complex |
| The urge toward perfection or completion that motivates each of us. | Striving for superiority |
| According to Adler, what is the ultimate goal we go for in life? | Superiority |
| The idea that there is an imagined or potential goal that guides our behavior. | Fictional Finalism |
| Who believed that our goals are fictional or imagined ideals that can not be tested against reality? | Alfred Adler. |
| A unique character structure or pattern of personal behaviors and characteristics by which each of us strives for perfection. | Style of life |
| Basic lifestyles of life: | the dominant, getting, avoiding, and socially useful types. |
| The ability to create an appropriate style of life. | Creative power of the self. |
| Who believed that the individual creates the style of life? | Alfred Adler |
| Who believed that neither heredity nor environment provides a complete explanation for the personality development? | Alfred Adler |
| What did Adler believe caused personality development? | The way we interpret influences, hereditary or environmental, forms the basis for the creative construction of our attitude toward life. |
| True or False. Adler believed that the style of life remains constant throughout life. | True. |
| Adler's 3 categories for several universal problems: | Problems involving our behavior toward others, problems of occupation, and problems of love. |
| Adler's 4 basic styles of life for dealing with problems: | The dominant type, the getting type, the avoiding type, and the socially useful type. |
| Our innate potential to cooperate with other people to achieve personal and societal goals. | Social Interest |
| What did Adler believe was the first task we encounter in life? | Getting along |
| Who did Adler believe is a person's first "teacher"? | The mother. |
| What did Adler think was the mother's job to do? | teach the child cooperation, companionship, and courage. |
| Adler proposed _____________________ after he broke from Freud and achieved recognition for his own work. | people are motivated more by social interest than by the needs for power and dominance. |
| Adler's birth order theory: | One's order of birth within the family, creates different conditions of childhood that can affect personality. |
| A personality assessment technique in which our earliest memories, whether of real events or fantasies, are assumed to reveal the primary interest of our life. | Early Recollections. |
| What did Adler believe was our ultimate goal in life? | superiority or perfection. |
| Adler's methods of assessments are: | Order of birth, early recollections, and dream nalysis. |
| A higher level need for security and freedom from fear. | Safety Need. |
| A pervasive feeling of loneliness and helplessness; the foundation of neurosis. | Basic anxiety. |
| Ten irrational defenses against anxiety that become a permanent part of personality and that affect behavior. | Neurotic Needs. |
| 4 ways we try to protect ourselves against basic anxiety by Karen Horney: | Securing affection and love, being submissive, attaining power, & withdrawing. |
| Karen Horney's 10 neurotic needs: | affection and approval, a dominant partner, power, exploitation, prestige, admiration, achievement or ambition, self-sufficiency, perfection, & narrow limits to life. |
| Three categories of behaviors and attitudes toward oneself and others that express a person's needs. | Neurotic Trends |
| Karen Horney's Neurotic Trends: | Movement toward other people, Movement against other people, and movement away from other people. |
| Karen Horney's Compliant personality: | movement toward other people. |
| Karen Horney's aggressive personality: | Movement against other people. |
| Karen Horney's detached personality: | Movement away from other people. |
| Behaviors and attitudes associated with the neurotic trend of moving toward people, such as a need for approval. | Compliant personality. |
| Behaviors and attitudes associated with the neurotic trend of moving against people, such as a domineering and controlling manner. | Aggressive Personality |
| Behaviors and attitudes associated with the neurotic trend of moving away from people, such as an intense need for privacy. | Detached Personality |
| According to Horney, the basic incompatibility of the neurotic trends. | Conflict. |
| For normal people, the self-image is an idealized picture of oneself built on a flexible, realistic assessment of one's abilities. For neurotics, the self-image is based on an inflexible, unrealistic self-appraisal. | Idealized Self-Image. |
| An attempt to realize an unattainable idealized self-image by denying the true self and behaving in terms of what we think we should be doing. | Tyranny of the shoulds. |
| A way to defend against the conflict caused by the discrepancy between an idealized and a real self-image by projecting the conflict onto the outside world. | Externalization. |
| To Horney, a revision of psychoanalysis to encompass the psychological conflicts inherent in the traditional ideal of the womanhood and women's roles. | Feminine psychology |
| The envy a male feels toward a female because she can bear children and he cannot. | Womb Envy. |
| An indiscriminate need to win at all costs. | Neurotic Competitiveness. |
| Who believed that the need for safety refers to security and freedom from fear? | Karen Horney |
| Who believed that when security is undermined, hostility is induced. | Karen Horney. |
| Which psychologist was known for his/her concepts of neurotic trends, the need for safety, the role of anxiety, and the idealized self-image? | Karen Horney |
| Who believed that personality is rooted in the brain? | Henry Murray |
| Murray's system of personality. | Personology |
| To Murray, the id: | contains the primitive, amoral, and lustful impulses described by Freud, but it also contains desirable impulses, such as empathy and love. |
| To Murray, the superego: | Is shaped not only by parents and authority figures, but also by the peer group and culture. |
| To Murray, the ego: | Is the conscious organizer of behavior. |
| A component of the superego that contains the moral or ideal behaviors for which a person should strive. | Ego-ideal |
| Survival and related needs arising from internal bodily processes. | Primary needs |
| Emotional and psychological needs, such as achievement and affiliation. | Secondary needs |
| Needs that involve a response to a specific object. | Reactive needs |
| Needs that arise spontaneously. | Proactive needs |
| The need for affection is expressed in: | cooperation, loyalty, and friendship. |
| To Murray, a situation in which one need is activated to aid in the satisfaction of another need. | Subsidiation |
| The influence of the environment and past events on the current activation of a need. | Press |
| A combination of press (the enviroment) and need (the personality) that brings order to our behavior. | Thema |
| To Murray, a normal pattern of childhood development that influences the adult personality. | Complex |
| Childhood developmental stages according to Murray: | The claustral, oral, anal, urethral, and genital complexes. |
| A basic segment of behavior; a time period in which an important behavior pattern occurs from beginning to end. | Proceeding |
| A succession of proceedings related to the same function or purpose. | Serial |
| The need to achieve, overcome obstacles, excel, and live up to a high standard. | Need for achievement |
| Who's childhood was characterized by maternal rejection, Adlerian compensation, and depression? | Henry Murray. |
| Who's major principle in their work was the dependence of psychological processes on physiological processes? | Henry Murray. |
| Who's ultimate life goal is to reduce tension? | Henry Murray |
| Who believed that much of personality is determined by needs and the environment? | Henry Murray |
| Who developed the TAT? | Murray and Morgan. |
| Who did most of the work on the TAT, Murray or Morgan? | Morgan. |
| Who took most credit for the TAT? | Murray |
| What did Adler believe First born children are like? | Oriented toward the past, pessimistic about the future, and concerned with maintaining order and authority. |
| What did Adler believe Second born children are like? | Compete with first borns and are apt to be ambitious. |
| What did Adler believe Last born children are like? | Spurred by the need to surpass older siblings, may become high achievers. |
| What did Adler believe Only children are like? | Mature early, but are apt to face shock in school when they are no longer the center of attention. |
| Murray's Idea: The secure existence within the womb: | Claustral comlexes |
| Murray's Idea: The sensuous enjoyment of sucking nourishment while being held: | Oral complexes |
| Murray's Idea: The pleasure resulting from defecation; | Anal complexes |
| Murray's Idea: The pleasure accompanying urination: | Urethral complex |
| Murray's Idea: Genital pleasures: | Genital or castration complex |
| Which Theorist had a friend of the family that he was in love with commit suicide and get buried w/ her father? | Erich Fromm |
| According to Fromm what motivates behavior? | Escaping from freedom (the search for security) |
| What are the titles of Erich Fromm's books? | "Escape From Freedom" and "To Have or to Be." |
| What were Fromm's Psychic Mechanisms? | Authoritarianism, destructive, conformitive (fitting in with the crowd) |
| Fromm's Idea was that: | More freedom, less security: More security, less freedom. |
Created by:
mistyd.bradley91@yah
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