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MIS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| business processes | The unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service. |
| business process reengineering (BPR) | The radical redesign of business processes, combining steps to cut waste and eliminating repetitive, paper-intensive tasks in order to improve cost, quality, and service, and to maximize the benefits of information technology. |
| database management system (DBMS) | Special software to create and maintain a database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs. |
| Ethernet | The dominant LAN standard at the physical network level, specifying the physical medium to carry signals between computers; access control rules; and a standardized set of bits to carry data over the system. |
| executive support systems (ESS) | Information systems at the organization's strategic level designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communications. |
| extranets | Private intranets that are accessible to authorized outsiders. |
| Internet service provider (ISP) | A commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers |
| knowledge management systems (KMS) | Systems that support the creation, capture, storage, and dissemination of firm expertise and knowledge. |
| management information systems (MIS) | study of information systems focusing on their use in business and management. MIS provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance. This information is used to monitor and control the business and predict future performance. |
| nanotechnology | Technology that builds structures and processes based on the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules. |
| referential integrity | Rules to ensure that relationships between coupled database tables remain consistent. |
| topology | The way in which the components of a network are connected. |
| Total quality management (TQM) | A concept that makes quality control a responsibility to be shared by all people in an organization. |
| transaction processing systems (TPS) | Computerized systems that perform and record the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business; they serve the organization's operational level. |
| Value Chain model | identifies specific, critical leverage points where a firm can use information technology most effectively to enhance its competitive position. |
| Operating System | system software that manages and controls the computer’s activities; llocates and assigns system resources, schedules the use of computer resources and computer jobs, and monitors computer system activities |
| Scalability | refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down; Electronic commerce & electronic business both need the capacity to grow as the size of a Web site and number of visitors increase. |
| Entity | generalized categories representing a person, place, or thing on which we store and maintain information. |
| Attributes | specific characteristics of an entity. (Entity=Supplier, Attributes: name and address, street, city, state, and zip code. Entity: PART; attributes: description, price of each part (unit price), and supplier who produced the part.) |
| primary key | the unique identifier for all the information in any row of the table, and this primary key cannot be duplicated. |
| foreign key | field in a database table that enables users to find related information in another database table; is essentially a look-up field to find data about the supplier of a specific part. |
| Relational Database | most common type of database today; organize data into two-dimensional tables (called relations) with columns and rows |
| Object-Oriented DBMS | stores the data, and procedures that act on those data, as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared; can store more complex types of information |
| Normalization | process of breaking down complex groupings of data and streamlining them to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships, and increase stability and flexibility. |
| Modems | stands for modulator-demodulator; a device that translates digital signals into analog form (and vice versa) so that computers can transmit data over analog networks such as telephone and cable networks. |
| Local Area Network (LAN) | s designed to connect personal computers and other digital devices within a half-mile or 500-meter radius. |
| Star topology | all devices on the network connect to a single hub; extended star network, multiple layers of hubs are organized into a hierarchy. |
| Bus topology | one station transmits signals, which travel in both directions along a single transmission segment. The bus topology is the most common Ethernet topology. |
| Ring topology | connects network components in a closed loop. Messages pass from computer to computer in only one direction around the loop, and only one station at a time may transmit. The ring topology is primarily found in older LANs |
| Wide area networks (WANs) | span broad geographical distances—entire regions, states,continents, or the entire globe. The most universal and powerful WAN is the Internet. |
| Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) | is a network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and a LAN. |
| Bandwidth | range of frequencies that can be accommodated on a particular telecommunications channel; the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that can be accommodated on a single channel. measured in hertz |
| Hertz | hertz: number of cycles per second that can be sent through that medium —one is equal to one cycle of the medium. |
| Digital subscriber line (DSL) | cable, satellite Internet connections, and T lines provide these broadband services. |
| Cable Internet connections | provided by cable television vendors use digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed Internet access to homes and businesses. |
| Uniform Resource Locator (URL | directory path and document name are two more pieces of information within the Web address that help the browser track down the requested; when typed into a browser, a URL tells the browser software exactly where to look for the information. |
| Virtual Private Network (VPN) | a secure, encrypted, private network that has been configured within a public network to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks, such as the Internet |
| TCP/IP | ansmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol; single, common, worldwide standard; developed during the early 1970s to support U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) |
| TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) | handles the movement of data between computers; establishes a connection between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the packets sent. |
| Internet Protocol (IP) | is responsible for the delivery of packets and includes the disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission. |
| Activities in an information system produce the information | Capturing, Processing, Organizing, Feedback |
| Four Basic Strategies for Dealing with Competitive Forces | Low-Cost Leadership, Product Differentiation, Focus on Market Niche, Strengthen Customer & Supplier Intimacy |
| Four Steps of Business Problem Solving | Identify the Problem, Solution Design, Solution Evaluation and Choice, Implementation |
| Radio frequency identification (RFID) | provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement ofgoods in supply chain; use tiny tags wireless devices that transmit their location and contents; tags contain embedded microchips with data about an item and its location to transmit radio signals |
| PEER to PEER | Type of network treats ALL PROCESSORS (computers) equally and allows devices to be shared |
| Total Cost Ownership (TCO) | Analyze Direct & indirect cost and determine actual cost |
| Magnetic Disk | a secondary storage medium in which data are stored by means of magnetized spots on a hard or floppy disk |
| magnetic tape | inexpensive, older secondary-storage medium in which large volumes of information are stored sequentially by means of magnetized and nonmagnetized spots on tape |
| Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM) | help manage their relationships with their customers; provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention |
| Information Technology (IT) | consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives; includes: computer machines, disk drives, mobile/handheld devices, software |
| Information System (IS) | a set of interrelated components that collect/retrieve, process, store, and distribute info. to support decision making. coordinating, and control in an organization |
| Operating System (OS) | system software that manages and controls the activities of the computer |
| enterprise applicatios | which are systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the business firm, and include all levels of management; help businesses become more flexible and productive by coordinating their business processes |
| Enterprise Systems (ERP) | integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system. |
Created by:
careykinght34
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