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Pharm exam 3 MC
| Drug | Class |
|---|---|
| atorvastatin (Lipitor) | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors single dose, w/meal (afternoon or bedtime), preg x, eat fish |
| lovastatin (Mevacor) | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -BID |
| simvastatin (Zocor) | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
| pravastatin (Pravachol) | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
| fluvastatin (Lescol) | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
| cholestyramine (Questran, LoCholest, Prevalite) | Bile Acid Sequestering Agents (Antilipemic) -lipids released in feces, combined w/bile prevents absorption |
| colestipol (Covestid) | Bile Acid Sequestering Agents (Antilipemic) |
| colesevelam (Welchol) | Bile Acid Sequestering Agents (Antilipemic) smaller pills given daily |
| niacin | Nicotinic Acid ^HDL, GI s/e flushing (prevent with aspirin), hot flashes, take w/cold water, report joint pain or sclera |
| Vitamin B3 | Nicotinic Acid |
| gemfibrozil (Lopid) | Fibric Acid Derivatives prototype, decreae VDL 50% |
| clofibrate (Atromid-S) | Fibric Acid Derivatives Can cause tumors, more effective on vldl |
| fenofibrate (Tricor) | Fibric Acid Derivatives |
| ezetimibe (Zetia) | Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor prototype- given with statin |
| exetimibe & simvastatin (Vytorin) | Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor |
| nitroglycerine | Organic Nitrate Vasodilators relaxes smooth muscle, potent vasodilator, ^periph pooling, decrease afterload, anti HTN, 3x15min or then call 911, tachycard, drops BP, avoid alcohol, keep dry or in glass/original, not with ED drugs (24-48hrs) |
| isosorbide dinitrate (Sorbitrate, Isodil) | Organic Nitrate Vasodilators |
| isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) | Organic Nitrate Vasodilators |
| atenolol (Tenormin) | Beta Blockers prophylaxis for migraines, placed on inderol first, not for dysrhythmia only for HTN |
| propanolol (Inderol) | Beta Blockers** prototype, decrease dsy, prevents MI, decrease HR and BP S/E- ortho hypo/hyper, decr. libido. Hold if severe dizziness, faingint, bradycardia, dyspnea, or seizures |
| metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) | Beta Blockers not for dysrhythmia only for HTN |
| diltiazem (Cardiazem) | Calcium Channel Blockers prototype..s/e- constipation, increases dig level so decrease dig dose |
| verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) | Calcium Channel Blockers prototype cc blocker for dysrhythmias |
| nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) | Calcium Channel Blockers |
| nicardipine (Cardene) | Calcium Channel Blockers |
| retaplase (Retavase) | Thrombolytics |
| stretokinase (Streptase, Kabikinase) | Thrombolytics |
| urokinase (Abbokinase) | Thrombolytics |
| altiplase (Activase, TPA) | Thrombolytics prototype...dissolves ALL clots...bleeding is severe and hard to stop, CI- ppl with hemorrhage or Hem stroke...half life 20-35 seconds, dedicated line |
| statins | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
| chol | Bile Acid Sequestering Agents (Antilipemic) |
| fibr | Fibric Acid Derivatives |
| nitr | Organic Nitrate Vasodilators |
| olol | Beta Blockers |
| ase | Thrombolytics |
| MONA | Morphine Oxygen Nitrate Aspirin Adjunct treatment of MI |
| quininidine gluconate (Quinaglute) | Sodium Channel Blockers Class 1 |
| procainaamide (Pronestyl) | Sodium Channel Blockers Class IA prototype, potent neg inotropic, given IM, keep med from light and moisture |
| lidocaine (Xylocaine) | Sodium Channel Blockers Class 1 & 2 (IB) for Vent dysrhy., numbness of lips and tongue, careful abt. strength |
| phenytoin (Dilantin) | Sodium Channel Blockers Class 2 ^ automaticity, fixes digoxin toxicity, monitor LOC |
| acebutolol (Sectral) | Beta Blockers |
| esmolol (Brevibloc) | Beta Blockers |
| amiodarone (Cordarone) | Potassium Channel Blockers prototype, ^prolonged refractory period (AV conduction too), prevents A and V dysrhythmias, S/E- pneumonia like symptoms, blurred vision |
| digoxin (Lanoxin) | Misc Antidysrhythmic & Cardiac Glycosides & Inotropic Agents neg chr and dro, positiv inotropic... see white halos, get apical pulse (hold if <60) |
| adenoside (Adenocard) | Misc Antidysrhythmic convert paroxysmal SVT |
| hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Esidrix) | Thiazide Diuretic |
| triamterene (Dyrenium) | Potassium Sparing Diuretics |
| chlorothiazide (Diuril) | Thiazide Diuretic |
| furosemide (Lasix) | Loop Diuretic proto |
| ethacrinic acid (Edecrine) | Loop Diuretic |
| bumetanide (Bumex) | Loop Diuretic |
| torsemide (Demadex) | Loop Diuretic |
| triamterene (Dyrenium) | Potassium Sparing Diuretics |
| spironolactone (Aldactone) | Potassium Sparing Diuretics |
| amiloride (Midamor) | Potassium Sparing Diuretics |
| enalapril (Vasotec) | ACE inhibitor prototype...decrease sodium and water retention |
| benzepril (Lotensin) | ACE inhibitor |
| captopril (Capoten) | ACE inhibitor |
| pril | ACE inhibitor |
| doxazosin (Cardura) | Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers prototype, direct acting on heart, causes vasodilation, dont give with OTC meds (same with any HTN drugs) |
| prazosin (Minipress) | Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers |
| osin | Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers |
| clonidine (Catapres) | Alpha 2 Adrenergic Blockers |
| methyldopa (Aldomet) | Alpha 2 Adrenergic Blockers |
| carteolol (Cartrol) | Alpha 1 & Beta 2 Blockers Centrally Acting |
| labetalol (Trandate, Normodyne) | Alpha 1 & Beta 2 Blockers Centrally Acting |
| hydralazine (Apresoline) | Direct Vasodilators prototype, ^coronary,renal,and cerebral BF, s/e- orth hypo |
| nitroprusside (Nitropress, Nipride) | Direct Vasodilators DOC HTN emergencies when diast. >120, IV pump, half life 2 secs, rebound htn, blurred vision, delirium, tinnitis, protect from light, |
| minoxidil (Loniten) | Direct Vasodilators |
| diazoxide (Hyperstat) | Direct Vasodilators |
| lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) | ACE inhibitor |
| candesartan (Atacand) | ARBs |
| valsartan (Diovan) | ARBs |
| ARBs | Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers |
| Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) | antidote for Digoxin |
| carvedilol (Coreg) | Beta Adrenergic Blockers |
| nesiritide (Natrecor) | peptide hormone |
| milrinone (Primacor) | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
| inamrinone | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
| amrinone (Inocor) | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
| normal human serum albumin (Albuminar, Albutein) | colloid (large proteins)...prototype |
| norepinephrine (Levaterenol, Levophed) | Vasoconstrictors/Vasopressors/Sympathomimetics DOC for septic shock, S/E- severe HTN and gangrene, blurred vision, photophobias |
| isoproterenol (Isoprel) | Vasoconstrictors/Vasopressors/Sympathomimetics |
| phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine) | Vasoconstrictors/Vasopressors/Sympathomimetics |
| mephentermine (Wyamine) | Vasoconstrictors/Vasopressors/Sympathomimetics |
| dopamine (Dopastat, Inotropin, Intropin) | Inotropic Agents prototype...antidote for Norepenephrine,....LOW,HIGH, AND VERY HIGH DOSES |
| dobutamine (Dobutrex) | Inotropic Agents |
| phentolamine (Regitine) | alpha adrenergic blocker dopamine antidote |
| epinephrine (Adrenalin) | sympathomimetic nonselective adrenergic agonist must have emergency equip on hand, CI, HD, cerepreal atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, makes BP worse |
| heparin sodium (Liquaemin, Calciparine) | Anticoagulant prototype...don't give with stable clot, MI, DVT or stroke |
| enoxaparin (Lovenox) | Anticoagulant do not massage (causes bruising), SUBQ (not within 3 inches of another dose) |
| ardeparin (Normifol) | Anticoagulant given with total knee replacement |
| dalteparin (Fragmin) | Anticoagulant |
| Protamine Sulfate | antidote for heparin!! S/E- if adm. too fast, resp difficulties, bradycardia, hypotension, use-combines and deactivates heparin |
| warfarin sodium (Coumadin) | Anticoagulant prototype, interferes w/vitamin k in liver synthesis and clotting factors use- prophylaxis of DVT, PE, Afib, or after MI/CVA/valve replacement...give steady vitamin k foods s/e-bleesing, hives (uriticaria), transient alopecia, preg X, |
| phytonadione (Mephyton or AquaMephyton) | antidote for oral anticoagulant (warfarin) tx and prevent hypoprothrombinemia (esp in newborns!) nsg precautions- increase intake of vitamin k, photosensitivityf |
| clopidogrel (Plavix) | Antiplatelet used for AFIB s/e- tinnitis (ringing in ears), neutropenia nsg resp- w/food (increases absorption and decreases S/E,pt wear medical alert bracelet |
| aspirin (NSAID) | Antiplatelet |
| ticlopidine (Ticlid) | Antiplatelet |
| dipyridamole (Persantine) | Antiplatelet use- after heart surgery, valve replacement, CA bypass |
| pentoxifylline (Trental) | Hemorrheologic Drugs use- PVD for intermittent claudicatoin...decreases blood viscosity and increases blood flexibility (LAZY RIVER DRUG!!) |
| ace inhibitors | potent vasoconstrictor, sodium water retention s/e=neutrapenia**, cough, sex function change, PREG D, take with GF juice |
| beta blockers | S/E-bronchoconstriction, insomnia, decrease av conduction...tapper off...hold if BP 90/60 |
| direct vasodilators | priapism, monitor daily weights, tapper off, CI systemic lupuserythematous |
| calcium channel blockers | slows HR, use: htn (decreases pvr), angina, chf, dysrhythmias, SVT*, ^digoxin S/E- constipation!...increase fiber in diet, ovoid sudden position changes, no grapefruit juice! |
| dong quai | herbal, vasodilator, balance effects of estrogen, sedative, and antispasmotic, ^ risk of bleeding |
| ginger | herbal- N/V/GAS/ digestions, antiemetic |
| ginseng | increase gen. well being, acts similar to CC blockers, increase heparin effects and diuretics |
| thrombolytics | bleeding hard to control, destroys all clots, for acute thrombolytic strokes, given Q2 hrs |
| vasoconstrictors | acts directly on AA receptors, raise BP, +ino, tapper |
| anticoagulants | prevents clots from getting bigger...NSG respons.- tell to use soft tooth brush/electiz razor (gum bleeding), avoid constrictive clothes, crossing legs, prolonged bedrest/sitting, and GI upset meds (aspirin and NSAIDS), limit vitamin K rich foods |
| aPTT | monitors HEPARIN pharmacotherapy |
| PT | monitors WARFARIN pharmacotherapy |
| Symptoms of bleeding | echymosis (bruising), petechiae (red spots), hematemesis (vomit in blood), hematuria |
| garlic | decreases platelet aggregation |
| heparin dosage | SUBQ q8-12 hrs IV- loading dose, over 24 hrs 1000 cc NS |
| vitamin k foods | green veggies, liver, dairy |
| check for bleeding | q 15 minx4 hrs.....q30 min x8hrs......q4hrs after |
| phosphodiasterase inhibitors | For HF (not DOC) report fever of over 101 or chest pain |
Created by:
midnight1854
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