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Phy. Sci. 9-10
Physical science vocab chapters 9 and 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| energy | the ability to do work |
| kinetic energy | the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion |
| potential energy | the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object |
| mechanical energy | the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies |
| energy conversion | a change from one form of energy to another |
| friction | a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
| law of conservation of energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another |
| nonrenewable resource | a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed |
| fossil fuel | a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas |
| renewable resource | a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed |
| temperature | a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal expansion | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance |
| absolute zero | the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or -273.16 °C on the Celsius scale) |
| heat | the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
| thermal energy | the kinetic energy of a substance's atoms |
| thermal conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| thermal conductor | a material through which energy can be transferred as heat |
| thermal insulator | a material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat |
| convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density; the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| specific heat | the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1 ºC in a specified way given constant pressure and volume |
| states of matter | the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas |
| change of state | the change of a substance from one physical state to another |
| insulation | a substance that reduces the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound |
| heat engine | a machine that transforms heat into mechanical energy, or work |
| thermal pollution | a temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful effect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life |
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Little Dreamer
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