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phys. sci. chap. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| measurement | comparison of a dimension of an object or substance to an appropriate standard |
| dimensions | measurable properties of matter and energy |
| standard | known quantity agreed upon for comparison when measuring |
| instrument | artificial device made for refining, extending, or substituting for human senses |
| unit | segment of a dimension assigned a value of 1 for measuring |
| calibrated scale | spacing of the marks on the instrument |
| metric system | decimal system; all units for a given dimension are related to each other by multiples of 10 |
| SI | metric system; meter-length, kilogram-mass; second-time; ampere-electric current; kelvin-absolute temp., mole-amount of a substance, candela-radiant intensity |
| giga- | billion |
| mega- | million |
| kilo- | thousand |
| centi- | hundredth |
| mili- | thousandth |
| micro- | millionth |
| nano- | billionth |
| conversion factor | any factor equal to 1 that consists of a ratio of two units |
| accuracy | assessment of the measurement error; based on quality of construction and maintenance of instrument |
| precision | assessment of the exactness of a measurement |
| When measuring with a metric instrument, estimate the measurement to __ of the smallest decimal subdivision on the instrument scale | 1/10 |
| Sig. Dig. rule 1 | All non zero digits are significant |
| Sig. Dig rule 2 | Zeros between Sig Digs are significant |
| Sig Dig rule 3 | Decimal points tell you if a zero is significant or not |
| Sig Dig rule 4 | If a decimal point is present, all zeros to the right of the last nonzero digit are significant |
| Sig Dig rule 5 | If a decimal point is not present, all trailing zeros are not significant |
| Sig Dig rule 6 | If a decimal point is present, none of the zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are significant |
| Sig Dig rule 7 | Significant zeros in the one's place are followed by a decimal point |
| scientific notation | convenient way of expressing very large or very small numbers consisting of a number greater that 1 and less than 10 which is multiplied by ten raised to some power |
| Math rule 1 | All units must be the same |
| Math rule 2 | The precision cannot be greater than that of the least precise data given |
| Math rule 3 | Count the number of sig digs in each measurement. The answer must have the lowest number of sig digs |
| Math rule 4 | If you multiply or divide a measurement by a pure number, express the answer to the same decimal place as the original measurement |
| weight | measurement of the earth's gravity attracting an object; can change from place to place; can indicate the amount of matter in an object but it does not measure the amount of matter directly |
| spring scale | weight measuring instrument that balances the pull of earth's gravity on an object being weighed against the pull of a spring |
| electronic scale | converts the pull of gravity on the object into an electronic signal precessed by a computer chip |
| balance | way of finding an unknown mass |
| electronic balance | measures weight then displays equivalent mass that would weigh that amount |
| volume | amount of space taken up by an object |
| meniscus | curved surface of a liquid |
| density | amount of matter of the substance contained in a specific volume |
| 1cm^3 | 1mL |
| density formula | mass/volume |
| rho (P) | symbol for density |
Created by:
emnestor
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