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PSYS 317 Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| preconscious | any piece of information you're not presently thinking about but can recall easily |
| unconscious | memories and thoughts we hide from ourselves |
| conscious | contains all thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that you are presently aware of |
| psychic determinism | nothing happens by chance |
| tripartite mind | id, ego, superego |
| id | source of all drives and urges; I want it NOW |
| ego | constrains id to reality |
| superego | internalizes values, morals, and ideals of society |
| repression | process of preventing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or urges from reaching one's conscious awareness |
| denial | pretending that it didn't happen |
| displacement | threatening/unacceptable impulse is channelled/redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target |
| rationalization | generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable |
| reaction formation | in an attempt to stifle the expression of an unacceptable urge, a person may continually display a flurry of behavior that indicate the opposite impulse |
| projection | based on notion that sometimes we see in others the traits and desires we find most upsetting in ourselves |
| sublimation | channeling of unacceptable sexual/aggressive instincts into socially desired behaviors |
| projective hypothesis | idea that what a person sees in an ambiguous stimulus reflects his/her own personality |
| resistance | patient resists therapist's attempt to correct behavior through psychoanalytic process |
| transference | patient begins reacting to analyst as though he/she was an important figure in patient's life |
| repressed memories | sometimes can be false memories if patient is led (through questioning) by therapist/psychologist |
| sodium amytal | used to "recover" memories, controversial because memories |
| imagination effect | occurs when a memory is elaborated upon through imagination, leading a person to confuse the imagined event with events that actually happened |
| motives | internal states that arouse and direct behavior towards specific objects/goals; caused by a deficit |
| needs | states of tension within a person; needs create the motive |
| apperception | interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in a situation |
| thematic apperception test (TAT) | subject is given an ambiguous stimulus and asked to interpret and describe what is going on; no scoring, just analyzing subject's needs |
| imagination effect | occurs when a memory is elaborated upon through imagination, leading a person to confuse the imagined event with events that actually happened |
| trust vs. mistrust | will there always be someone around to help me when I need it; infancy |
| autonomy vs. shame and doubt | first experiences of what toddler is capable of; terrible twos |
| initiative vs. guilt | beginning stages of children figuring out who they are; acting out adult situations; beginning of ambition and goal seeking (if things go well) |
| industry vs. inferiority | children begin comparing themselves to other children, some developing inferiority complexes |
| identity vs. role confusion | adolescents are trying to figure out who they are, what they stand for |
| intimacy vs. isolation | friendships and long-term relationships become important; young adulthood |
| generativity vs. stagnation | adults question if they have done something that they really care about |
| integrity vs. despair | older adults try to stay who they know themselves to be even through major life events (kids going to college, other activities not as available) |
| secure attachement (child) | knows someone (primary care giver) loves them unconditionally and will always be around to help them |
| avoidant attachment (child) | child and parent avoid each other, relationship is not healthy |
| ambivalent attachment (child) | separation anxiety when child is separated from parents |
| secure attachment (adult) | person has easy time finding satisfying relationships |
| avoidant attachment (adult) | trust issues |
| ambivalent attachment (adult) | vulnerable and uncertain about relationships |
| motives | internal states that arouse and direct behavior towards specific objects/goals; caused by a deficit |
| needs | states of tension within a person; needs create the motive |
| apperception | interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in a situation |
| thematic apperception test (TAT) | subject is given an ambiguous stimulus and asked to interpret and describe what is going on; no scoring, just analyzing subject's needs |
| need for achievement | desire to do better, be successful, and be competent; prefer activities with some (not too much) challenge, want to be personally responsible for task outcome, want feedback on task performance |
| need for power | desire to have an impact on others; don't deal with stress/conflict well |
| need for intimacy | desire for warm and fulfilling relationships with others; report more pleasant emotions when around other people, women-happiness/satisfaction in life, men-less strain in life |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | lowest to highest: physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization |
| self actualization | need to fulfill one's full potential; know who they are and have few doubts about the direction their life should take |
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