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Psychology 2 Chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Theory | A logical system of concepts that helps explain observations and contributes to the development of a body of knowledge. |
| Rationale for Emphasizing Psychosocial Theory | Addresses growth across the life span, identifying and differentiating central issues from infancy to old age,Assumes that individuals have the capacity to contribute to their own psychological development at each stage of life. |
| Rationale for Emphasizing Psychosocial Theory continued... | Takes into consideration the active contribution of culture to individual growth |
| 'Psycho' | Individual |
| 'Social' | Societal influences |
| Stages of Development | A period of life that is characterized by a specific underlying organization. (Erikson proposed 8 stages). |
| Epigenetic Principle | A biological plan for growth allows each function to emerge systematically until the individual has fully developed |
| Oral Sensory Stage | Trust vs. Mistrust |
| Muscular Anal Stage | Autonomy vs. Shame, doubt |
| Locomotor genital stage | Initiative vs. guilt |
| Latency Stage | Industry vs. Inferiority |
| Puberty & Adolescence Stage | Identity vs. role confusion |
| Young Adulthood Stage | Intimacy vs. isolation |
| Adulthood Stage | Generativity vs. stagnation |
| Maturity Stage | Ego integrity vs. despair |
| Developmental Tasks | A set of skills and competencies that contribute to increased mastery over one’s environment and that define what is healthy, normal development at each age in a particular society. |
| Sensitive Periods | periods of development when an individual is most ready to acquire a new ability. |
| Psychosocial Crisis | At each stage, individuals are confronted with a conflict or crisis that requires the integration of personal needs and skills and social demands. When an individual is trying to resolve a psychosocial crises he/she is in a state of tension. |
| Applying Theory & Research to Life | Martin Conway & Alison Holmes asked adults to recall memories from each decade of their lives Memories were coded for the degree they related to psychosocial crises. Results support the view that the self is reorganized around goals at diff stages of life |
| Central Processes for Resolving the Psychosocial Crisis | Psychosocial crisis reflects discrepancy between developmental competencies at the beginning of a stage and new societal pressures. Central process suggests a way that the person undergoes adaptive modifications of the self. |
| Radius of Significant Relationships | Age-related demands on individuals are communicated through their significant social relationships. Over the lifespan the radius of the circle expands; in adulthood the radius condenses to a few significant relationships. |
| Contexts of Development | Individual is embedded in a changing, interconnected system (family, culture, ethnic groups). |
| Coping | Conscious, adaptive efforts that people use to manage stressful events or situations, and the emotions associated with these stressors. |
| Coping cont... | Approach to coping depends on the values, beliefs, and goals of the person or family. Coping with psychosocial crises results in the formation of basic adaptive capacities, or, prime adaptive ego qualities. |
| Core Pathologies | Maladaptive coping with psychosocial crises leads to the development of core pathologies. Development of core pathologies restricts further development and future behaviors. |
| REMINDER: | GO BACK AND REVIEW CHARTS FOR CORE PATHOLOGIES & PRIME ADAPTIVE EGO QUALITIES!!! |
Created by:
mr209368
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