Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
pharm test 3
drugs
| Drug | define |
|---|---|
| Organic Nitrates | Nitroglycerin: vasodilator, inc cGMP form; adv. eff.-headache;-orthostatic hyptotension; reflex tachycardia; Toler, depletion of sulfhydryl; drug inter: other hypotensive drugs, sildenafil(viagra) dec cGMP degrad; Beta blockers, verapamil, diltiazem |
| Organic Nitrates prep and routes of admin | Sublingual tablets; sustained-release oral capsules; transdermal delivery systems; translingual spray; transmucosal (buccal) tablets; topical ointment; IV |
| Beta Blockers | (decrease cardiac oxygen demand) Propranolol; adv eff.: bradycardia; decreased AV conduction; reduction of contractility; asthmatic effects; caution with diabetes |
| calcium channel blockers | Verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine; stable and variant angina; adv. eff. hypotension; reflex tachycardia; bradycardia |
| Revascularization Therapy | coronary artery bypass graft surgery; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; CABG for multi-vessel disease, after recovery CABG patients fare better |
| Heparin | natural; physio sig. unknown; rapid acting anticoag(IV), ^antithrombin:pulmonary embolism, stroke evolving, vein thrombosis; adv. eff. hemorrhage, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity; protamine sulfate for overdose; aPTT: longish |
| Low MW Heparins | preps. composed of molecules that are shorter than those found in unfractionarted heparin; use: prevent of DVT after surgery, treat of estabed DVT, prevent of ishcemic comp; adv effects and inter: bleeding, immune-mediated thrombocytopener, cost |
| Fondaparinux | (arixtra) Syn anticoag; selective inhibit; use: prevent dvt after surgery, treat acute PE, DVT(w/ warfarin); adv eff: bleeding, patient less than 50kg; spinal or epidural hematoma; enoxaparin(lovenox) mult use, STEMI |
| Warfarin | (Coumadin) oral anticoag; antagonist of Vit K; affects syn-factors VII, IX, X, prothrombin; use: long term prophylaxis of thrombosis; adv eff: hemorrhage, contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation; prothrombin time ratio; vit K1 overdose |
| Antiplatelet Drugs | Aspirin inhibit of COOG, GI bleeding; Ticlopidine(ticlid) & Clopidogrel (plavix) ADP receptor antag, prev. aggr: Tirofiban (aggrastat) blocks GP IIb/IIIa recpetors, last step aggr. most effective anti platelet drug |
| Thrombolytic Drugs | Streptokinase(streptase) binds plasminogen ^plasmin, degrades firbrin clots; uses MI, DVT, massive pulm emboli; adv eff: bleeding antibody prod. (foreign protien strepto) hypotension, fever; altepase(tPA) human tissue plaminogen activator; controversial |
| Factor VIII Concentrates | used to treat hemophilia; prod. mehtods and product safety, plasma-derived factor VII, recombinant factor VIII; adv eff: allergic rxn; dosage and admin: on-demand therapy, prophylactic therapy; factor IX conc. |
| Desmopressin | stop or prevent bleeding (mild hemophilia) |
| Antifibrinolytic Agents | used to treat hemophilia; aminocarproic acid, tranexamic acid; inhibit the normal process of fibrin breakdown; control bleeding in mucous membranes; control bleeding caused by dental extractions |
| Factor VII concentrate, activated Factor VII(factor VIIa), Porcine Factor VIII, anti-inhibitor coagulant complex | drus used for hemophilia patients with inhibitors |
| Oral Iron Preparations | Ferrous Sulfate(drug of choice); adv eff GI dist, Staining teeth, toxicity; Interactions: antacids, tetracycline, ascorbic acids, other oral iron salts: ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate |
| Cyanocobalamin | v 12 preparations; admin oral, parenteral, intranasal; adv eff hypokalemia (New RBCs); Long-term treatment, with lack of intrinsic facor, v b-12 lifelong |
| Epoerin Alfa | (erytgropoietin) Epogen, procrit) hematopoietic growth facor, rDNA; use: anemia renal failure, HIV taking zidovudine; chemo induced, anema facing surgery; adv eff: hypertension, autoimmune pure red cell aplasia(rare); cardivascular events |
| Filgrastim | (Neupogen) granulocute colony stimulating factor; leukopoietic GF, rDNA; use: cancer, sever chronix neutropenia; adv eff: bone pain, leukosytosis |
| Sargramostim | (Leukine) Sargramostim (granulocyte-macro colony stimulating factor - neutrophils, macr, hematopoietic GF, rDNA; use: adjunct to autologous bone marrow transplant, failed bone marrow trans, acute myelogenous leukemia; adveff leuko-thrombo cytosis |
| Oprelvekin | (interleukin-11) thrombopoietic GF, rDNA; use:w/ Myelosuppressive chemo min. thrombocytopenia & platelet trans; adv eff fluid reten, cardiac dysrhythmias, conjunctival infection, sudden death |
| Short duration: rapid acting insulin | insulin lispro(humalog), insulin aspart(Novolog) |
| Short duration : slower acting insulin | regular insulin (humulin R, Novolin R, Exubera |
| Intermediate duration insulin | Neutral protamine Hagedom (NPH) insulin |
| Long Duration insulin | Insulin glargine (lantus) |
| 1st Generation Sulfonylureas | Acetohexamide(dymelor) Chlorpropamide(Diabinese) Tolazamide(Tolinase) Tolbutamide(orinase); oldest oral antidiab, stim B cell, less potent than 3nd gen, less tol; inexpen gen, adv eff, hypoglycemia(w/ norm. BS),worse lipid, cause wgt, fluid reten.DI:lots |
| Non-Sulfonylurea Secretagogues | Meglitinides,repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (starlix, MOA of Sulfonylureas, shorter acting; take with meals(1st bite); prandin 5xday. Sideff: hypoglycemia(not as bad sulfons), headache; DI: many , metab CYP450-2c9 and 3A4; Gemifibrozil(Lopoid) |
| Biguanides | Phenformin-precursor(lactic acidosis, 1977) Metformin (Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Riomet; MOA dec. hepatic Glucose prod70%; sensitizes cells to glucose, renal elim. A.E.: GI effects, dec app, bloat, metal taste, \/ B12 |
| Thiazolidinediones | (Glitazones);Troglitazone(rezulin) withdrawn, liver damage Rosiglitazone (Avandia) & Pioglitazone (actos)MOA sensitize periphery insulin; dec insulin resist, SE gen mild, wgt, mild anem, perip edma, inc LDLc |
| Alfa-Glucosidase Inhibotors | Acarbose (precose) and Miglitol (Glyset)MOA: slows the breakdown and absorb of carbs in SI, SE: GI effect very common - fart, diarrhea, titrate does upward very slowly, no drug interactions |
| 2nd Gen Sulfonylureas | Glimepiride(amaryl), Glipizide(Glucotrol), Glyburide-non-micronized(Diabeta, Micronase), Glyburide-Micronized(Glynase) Same MOA as 1st; better tol; most expensive |
| Levothyroxine | (Synthroid, Levothroid, others) syn prep of T4, conv. T3, 1/2life 7days, hypothyroidism; adv. eff tachycardia, angina, tremors; inter: drugs dec abs(colestid, questran), inc metab(phenytoin, AED), Warfarin(reduce dose of anti coag), Catechols(^cardiac res |
| Synthroid | formally drug of choice, relatively expensive (twice), bioequivalent to other preps; use caution when switching to another prep |
| Armour Thyroid | Very inexpensive, one of 1st agents on market, inconsistent levels, pig tg, rarely prescribed for new patients |
| Liothyronine | Cytomel; exogenous T3 - syn prep; lower dose, 1/2 of T4; rapid onset; shorter duration & 1/2life, $, not for long term |
| Liotrix | (thyrolar) Best, 4:1 ration(T4:T3) comparable to plasam |
| Hyperthyroid products | Methimazole (Tapazole)- longer half-life, 1/day; Propylthiouracil (PTU) – 3 doses/day, Indicated for short term therapy, Inhibits binding of I¯ to Thyroid globulin, PTU Inhibits peripheral conversion of T4, PTU preferred in pregnancy, placenta |
| Radioactive Iodine-131 (131I) | Radioactive isotope, emits gamma and beta rays; 1/2life 8days, active uptake by the thyroid, produces, clincal remission with destruction of thryoid gland, not very accurate, people usually develop hypothyroidism |
| Adjunctive Therapies for Hyperthyroidism | beta_blockers: slow body down, proprandolol(inderal) rapid effects, tachycardia; hypnotics - ambien (zolpidem) |
| Octreotide | (Sandostatin) syn analog of somatostatin; suppress GH release; dose-SC=3/day, IM=1/month; $$$; adv eff: GI, usually subside; Gallstones, usually asymptomatic |
| Somatrem | (Protropin)Growth hormone ; adv eff: hyperglycemia, hyperthyroidism(5%), antibody form. to GH(rarely V effective). omteractopm woth glucocorticoids(V effective) |
| Antidiuretic Preparations | Diabetes Insipidus: Vasopressin (ADH),(best) Desmopressin(mulit delivery), Other uses: Nocturnal enuresis, hemophilia A (^clotting factor VIII); adv eff intoxication, vasoconstriction |
| Hydrocortisone | Syn syteroid; uses: adrenal inusfficiency, allergy, inflammation, cancer chemo; adv eff: adrenal supp, cushing's syndrome |
| Fludrocortisone | (Florinef) Potent mineralcorticoid; Uses: Addison's Disease, Primary Hypoaldosteronism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Adv eff: hypertension, hypokalemia, edema, cardiac enlargement |
| Glucocorticoids - Physiologic Effects | Carb, protein, fat metabolism, CV, skeletal muscle, CNS, stress, resp in neonates |
Created by:
bmg4
Popular Pharmacology sets