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Test 2 - NRAD
Normal Radiographic Anatomy - The extremities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 2 views in the Standard Shoulder Series? | 1.AP with external rotation of the humerus 2.AP with internal rotation of the humerus |
| ***Which view is the greater tuberosity of the humerus seen in profile? | AP shoulder -external rotation |
| ***Which view is the lesser tuberosity of the humerus seen en face? | AP shoulder - external rotation |
| ***Which view is the greater tuberosity of the humerus seen in en face? | AP shoulder - Internal rotation |
| ***Which view is the lesser tuberosity of the humerus seen in profile? | AP shoulder - Internal rotation |
| ***When is greater tuberosity seen: in profile? en face? What view is the lesser tuberosity seen: in profile? en face? | Greater tuberosity: in profile = external, and en face = internal. Lesser tuberosity: en face = external, profile = internal |
| What is the accessory shoulder view when the humerus is 90 degress of abduction and external rotation, giving a lateral projection of the humeral head? | Baby Arm Projection |
| What is the accessory shoulder view that is shot AP with the patient rotated 35-45 degrees with the arm externally rotated, it allows clear visualization of the glenohumeral joint? | Grashey Spot Projection |
| In what shoulder view is the Cresent sign not visible? | Grashey Spot Projection |
| What is the accessory shoulder view that allows visualization of the scapula without superimposition? | Lateral Scapula or "Y" projection |
| ***What should the distance be between the acromion process and the humeral head? | The distance should be between 7-11mm |
| ***When measuring the distance b/w the acromion process and the humeral head and then comparing the left side to the right side, there is a problem if there is more than _____mm when comparing the 2 shoulders? | when there is more than 2mm when comparing the two shoulders |
| What is a developmental variation at the attachment site of the costoclavicular ligament? | Rhomboid Fossa |
| When is Vacuum Phenomenon not good? | If vacuum phenomenon is seen in discs then its bad, if its seen in extremities its fine |
| What represents an ununited secondary ossification center, its an accessory ossicle at the inferior angle of the scapula? | Os Infrascapular |
| What is a congenitally high position of the scapula, it may be unilateral or bilateral? | Sprengle Deformity |
| What allows passage of the medial branch of the supraclavicular nerve? | Supraclavicular foramen |
| ***What view gives a pseudotumor appearance? | AP shoulder - Internal Rotation |
| What is pseudotumor apperance? | cystic appearance produced by the greater tuberosity |
| What are the 3 views for the Standard Elbow Series? | 1. AP elbow 2.Medial Oblique Elbow 3.Lateral Elbow |
| T/F AP elbow view is taken in pronation? the Medial Oblique Elbow is taken in supination? Lateral elbow taken in flexion? | False: AP elbow = supination Medial Oblique elbow = pronation, Lateral elbow = 90 degre flexion, thumb up |
| What is the accessory elbow projection that allows clear visualization of the trochlea-olecranon joint space? | Jones Projection (aka Tangential Olecranon Projection) |
| What is the accessory elbow projection that allows visualization of otherwise obscure fractures of the trochlea and ulna? | Capitellum view |
| What is the most common fracture in the elbow? | the head of the radius |
| ***List the Order of Appearance of the Elbow Ossification Centers? | (CRITOE) Capittelum, Radial Head, Internal (medial) epicondyle, Trochlea, Olecranon, External (lateral) epicondyle |
| T/F there are NO visible elbow ossification centers at birth? | true |
| ***In a lateral view of the elbow, should Anterior and Posterior fat pads be seen? | You should never see a Posterior fat pad, the Anterior fat pad should be seen, BUT if its in a triangle shape then there is a problem |
| T/F You should see posterior fat pads and ant fat pads in a triangle shape? | No, no, no. Posterior fat pads should never be seen, and Anterior fat pads should be seen but not in a triangle shape |
| What is the complication with Radioulnar synostosis? | It may decrease supination or pronation |
| What is a Supracondylar Process? | An osseous projection on the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus |
| What is seen around 10% of the time with Supracondylar Process that may cause neurovascular signs or symptoms? | Struther's Ligament |
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pcc Normal Rad
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